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Resumen: Cognitive understandings of metaphor have led to significant advances in understandings of how to translate metaphor. Theoretical accounts of metaphor not as a figure of speech but as a mode of thought, have provided useful tools for analysis and for translation work. This has usually happened at the level of individual metaphorical expressions, while the deeper lesson of cognitive theories has not been taken to heart by translation scholars, with a few signal exceptions. In this article we explore the potential of Conceptual Metaphor Theory for translating related metaphorical expressions within a specific text. We propose a model for understanding metaphor translation that takes as its unit of analysis not the individual metaphorical expression but the conceptual metaphor, of which the metaphorical expression is but a particular instantiation. It is this theoretical grounding that will allow us to propose a model for translating developed metaphors and related metaphorical expressions.

Resumen: Dans le cadre de la Linguistique cognitive et de la Linguistique contrastive, nous étudions la métaphorisation et la grammaticalisation que subissent certains noms. Nous considérons la métaphore comme un processus conceptuel permettant d'exprimer des concepts d'un domaine abstrait en termes d'un domaine plus concret. Dans ce transfert, nous constatons une redistribution du sens du nom et sa rammaticalisation. Notre corpus de textes du discours de vulgarisation économique en langue espagnole et française témoigne de la présence des syntagmes binominaux métaphoriques à valeur quantificatrice. Le schéma collocationnel est : nom1 + préposition (de) + nom2 (ex. un déluge de propositions). Le nom1 est, à l'origine, référentiel mais, employé de façon métaphorique, il perd ses traits distinctifs. Ce processus donne comme résultat la neutralisation sémantique du nom1, à tel point que tout autre nom appartenant au même domaine cognitif pourrait être employé comme synonyme. Dans ce travail, nous faisons l'hypothèse que les deux langues ont la même conceptualisation métaphorique et que le déplacement et la neutralisation sémantiques du nom deviennent un véritable outil à l'heure de trouver des équivalents.

Resumen: Much has been said about how ideological tendencies can influence the content of a translation and the Spanish version of Prescott's work History of the Conquest of Mexico, with a Preliminary View of the Ancient Mexican Civilization, and the Life of the Conqueror, Hernando Cortés is a clear example of this influence. Manipulation was the strategy that the Mexican editorial promoted and it is what the translator yielded to, but not in a way that was expected. Focusing on the account of the episode of the conquest of Mexico in which Montezuma and his tragic death are prominent, this article will show how Navarro, the translator, meticulously respects the North American's portrayal of the Aztec ruler, whom he considers to be hypocritical, superstitious, lavish, weak and fainthearted. When Navarro does manipulate the description, it is principally in order to accentuate some negative trait of the Aztec leader which has already been presented in the original text or to prevent the Mexican reader from having to see in print the name of the emperor who was associated with incidents which many Mexicans might consider lamentable. At the same time, it will be clear that cognitive linguistics provides adequate theoretical support in order to be able to comprehend that both the original and translated texts highlight the idea of Montezuma as a metaphor and symbol of failure.

Resumen: Esta obra reúne estudios de 26 investigadores argentinos interesados en caracterizar el lenguaje humano, en general, y la lengua castellana, en particular, desde una perspectiva mentalista. Los 21 trabajos que integran este libro comparten el presupuesto de que la plausibilidad de un constructo lingüístico depende, en última instancia, de su correspondencia con los datos pertinentes. Se trata, entonces, de una propuesta que va a contracorriente de aquellas escuelas teóricas construidas sobre juicios intuitivos y apriorismos formales. Las conclusiones a las que se arriba en cada capítulo respecto de la organización y del funcionamiento de las representaciones lingüísticas a nivel mental se basan en diversos tipos de evidencia: textos (escritos, orales y señados), perfiles acústicos, contornos melódicos, medidas de carga cognitiva y aun datos clínicos y de neuroimagen.