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Resumen: Translation is typically thought of as conveying the meaning of a text written in another language. However translators frequently engage in operations that do not start from textual meaning but from phonetic form, typographic form or some other formal feature of a text. In this article, I look at several such operations, and how they are used in handling proper names, numerical expressions, text in a third language, so-called untranslatable words, passages of uncertain meaning, and poetry, as well as their use in translation studies and linguistics journals, and in pronunciation guides for tourists and for choirs singing in languages unknown to their members. I also briefly consider operations that are based on the form of non-linguistic text elements.

Resumen: Voice-over as an audiovisual translation modality has traditionally been described for its rendering of the truth or its faithfulness. The manipulation and deviation from the original text through translation has already been the object of study in documentaries. This paper looks at the translation of TV news through voice-over. Technical and content infidelities are rendering the broadcast actualities into sexed up copies of the original, which for all intents and purposes are in sheer contravention of what translation is for as a faithful reproduction of the original and of objective and factual news reporting. The effects of the translator's visibility in news voice-over is re-examined and the physical presence of the translator/voice talent is analyzed. This paper argues that the visibility of the translator in this instance pushes the boundaries of mediation beyond mere technicalities towards a sociopolitical sphere of reasoning and rationality by editorial policy makers. The paper also argues that synchronicity of voice-overs stemming from the rhetorical features of the voice-over styles of delivery and the idiosyncrasies of the voices creates dissonance and renders the original message with a degree of infelicities that undermine the long-celebrated standards of objectivity and neutrality. Consequently, this paper underscores the invisibility of the translator in this mode of translation mediation.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es plantear las dificultades que encierra el proceso de transferencia de significados de los términos provenientes de documentos jurídicos en idioma inglés al español cuando el texto de la lengua fuente es, además, un producto de un sistemas jurídico particular, lo cual pone de relieve la importancia de la distinción entre los sistemas jurídicos del common law y del civil law.

Resumen: Esta comunicación, inserta en el campo disciplinario de los Estudios de Traducción en su rama descriptiva orientada al proceso traductor, tiene como principal objetivo la difusión de un estudio empírico-experimental realizado bajo el abordaje cognitivo. Dicho estudio, realizado en conjunto entre el Laboratorio Experimental de Traducción (LETRA) de la Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) y el Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Traducción (LET) de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB), buscó modelar el proceso traductor, capturado en tiempo real, durante una tarea de (re)traducción. Aparte de eso, buscó registrar instancias de esfuerzo cognitivo en dicha tarea.

Resumen: This paper is an attempt to investigate the current problems the students graduating in English at the ISLT are likely to encounter when setting out to render English into Arabic. My teaching experience with them was beneficial, albeit quite short (one year-long only, 2000-2001). The material gathered, on the other hand, was wide-ranging and, better still, so provocative that I readily agreed to venture onto dangerous ground.[2] Studies in the past have often failed to delve deep into possible meanings and extend beyond traditional boundaries so as to assess the scope of words and explore the meaning potentials. Recent advances in the literature argue that translators should be sensitive to the losses and gains of cultural elements and assess the “weight” of these elements in the source text in order to bring about the same/similar effects. It is true that loss of meaning is inevitable and the transference to the translator’s language can only be approximate (Newmark 1988, 7). The current trend in translation theory is to explore situations to make it possible to transcend linguistic as well as cultural barriers. Translators will continue to reproduce only restricted facets of meaning so long as they do not vanquish ordinary processes of thought and approach the words in the SL text as units of discourse. I make no pretence at being able to offer definitive solutions. This account aims at identifying the potentially problematic areas in translating English into Arabic. The sense of new in this experience embodies a larger vision, apparently a different quality of recognition since the focal interest is laid on the interpretive weight of words as constituent parts of the act of communication.

Resumen: Translation can be seen as a process through which the translator begins with the source text, with an attempt at analyzing this particular text into semantic construction. The translator then reconstructs the semantic construction concerned into proper forms of the target language, seeking to produce an equivalent receptor language text (Larson, 1998:?519). In practice, the translator places himself/herself between the source and target texts, moving from the former to the latter and vice versa. The present paper crucially addresses the stages through which the translator is required to pass in order to achieve an acceptable and appropriate translation. It considers each stage in sufficient detail, showing the significance of these stages for the purpose of achieving a successful translation project. Finally, the present paper argues that the translator has to pass specific steps for the sake of accomplishing an acceptable and appropriate translation and that cognizance of translation theories is crucial in carrying out translation procedures, specifically when adopting the translation strategy on which the whole translation project will generally be based.

Resumen: Das vorliegende buch wurde ursprünglich im auftrag des Goethe Instituts verfasst und soolte als fernstudienbrief in einer reihe mit anderen fernstudienbriefen zum thema deutsch als fremdsprache veröffentlicht und zunächst für ein spanisch und italienischsprachiges zielpublikum "regionalisiert", das heisstt: für diese speziell sprachlich und kulturell adaptiert, werden. Eine zu diesem zweck 1999 angefertigte vorläufige deutsche fassung wurde in vielen ländern gelesen und im unterricht sowie im selbststudium erprobt. Positive rückmeldungen kamen vor allem aus Spanien, aus Lateinamerika, aber auch aus Indonesien, Indien und Südafrika. Die allerorten waltenden sparzwänge führten dann dazu, dass das Goethe Institut auf eine veröffentlichung als studienbrief verszichtete, weil, wie man sagte, das übersetzen ja nicht zum "kerngeschäft" dieser institution gehöre. Immerhiin erhielt ich schliesslich meine autorenrechte an dem text zurück, sodass ich mich um eine veröffentlichung in anderem rahmen kümmern konnte.

Resumen: Source text (ST), although a central concept in translation studies, has remained vaguely defined. This complicates the identification of a translation’s ST, which in turn creates problems for research. Associating translations with the incorrect ST(s) leads to questionable conclusions and categorizations, especially when dealing with the types of translation that are defined and theorized with reference to their relationship with their ST(s), such as retranslation, indirect translation, pseudotranslation and self-translation. Our case study of five Finnish translations of Jules Verne’s Vingt mille lieues sous les mer demonstrates that these assumed retranslations have different STs. We adopt the notions of work and text to establish the relationships among the translations and STs involved: texts are representations of a work, and a work, in turn, is a literary creation implied by its various texts. Although the five Finnish translations have different source texts, they are all – as are their STs – texts of the same work. In other words, if source text is understood to be a text, the five translations are not, strictly speaking, retranslations; however, if source text is understood to be a work, then they are all retranslations of the same work. Therefore, the categorization of these translations – and thus also the points of view from which they can be studied – depends on whether source text is defined as a text or as a work.