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Resumen: In western translation theories, Lawrence Venuti and Eugene Nida appear to be standing at too opposing poles regarding the equivalence theory, and are notable for their prominent disagreement on the issue. Their theories diverge in their responses to equivalence, and disagree, essentially, on the functions of translation as well as the aspects of an acceptable translation. This disagreement unfolded itself clearly during a conference at Binghamton University in 1991. In this essay, I intend to juxtapose the exceptionally different theoretical approaches of these two prominent translation scholars. I also intend to show how Venuti's views on translation in practice challenges Nida's theoretical approaches to translation, and surprisingly enough his own theories particularly speaking, foreignizing and domesticating translations in which he has been extensively engaged. Finally I intend to show how Venuti's practice of translation challenges his earlier attack on Nida's conceptions of the "dynamic equivalence," "naturalness of expression" (Nida 1964: 159) and the notion of "the equivalent effect" (de Waard & Nida 1986: 9).

Resumen: Susan Bassnett traces the history of translation, examining the ways translation is currently utilized as a burgeoning interdisciplinary activity and extending her analysis into developing areas such as developing technologies and new media forms. Translation Studies displays the importance of translation across disciplines.

Resumen: Hoy son tantas y tan diversas las teorías en torno a la práctica de la traducción que puede dar la impresión de que nos encontramos en el escenario de una segunda Babel. Si ha sido la práctica la que ha inspirado siempre la teoría de la traducción, los tratados, escritos expresamente para dar una respuesta al complicado y misterioso fenómeno de la traducción, son cosas del siglo XX, especialmemnte de sus últimas décadas. Los capítulos de este libro pretenden englobar los enfoques traductológicos contemporáneos mas significativos que desde los años ́60 hasta ahora se han multiplicado vertiginosamente. Su repaso seguirá un orden cronológico, en la medida de lo posible, y dialéctico, cada uno de los intentos teóricos no se verá de forma aislada, sinó en relacion con los demás. dada la multiplicidad de enfoques traductológicos, hoy por hoy parece necesaria una teoría de la traducción integradora. Este es uno de los retos que deberán afrontar los estudios de traducción en el siglo XXI. De momento, este libro solo pretende ser una obra introductoria y divulgativa a la vez de las teorías contemporáneas de la traducción.

Resumen: Some translation scholars hold that Jin Di's theory of equivalent effect and Nida's theory of dynamic equivalence are essentialIy same because Jin has basicalIy adopted the definition of Nida's dynamic equivalence in formulating his own translation theory. However, this paper reveals that there are some fundamental differences between the two theories in three aspects: (1) Nida's theory is reader-oriented while Jin's is text-oriented; (2) Nida's theory is flexible while Jin's tends to be inflexible; and (3) Jin's theory is an ideal one in the sense that it cannot be realized in translation practice whereas Nida's theory is a realistic one. Examples from Jin's Chinese version of James Joyce ́s Ulysses and Bible translations are given to illustrate these differences between Nida's theory and Jin's theory. This paper further explores the two major reasons that lead to such discrepancies: (1) the deficiency of Nida's theory in dealing with transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation; (2) the influence of traditional Chinese translation theories upon Jin's translation principie. Although Nida's theory is not restricted to Bible translation, it has some limitations in guiding literary translation because it fails to address the transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation. When Jin translated Joyce's UIysses, he had to face the problem of aesthetic transference ofliterary works. This is the reason why Jin eventualIy turns to traditional Chinese translation theory and classic literary criticism to seek for support for his translation theory of equivalent effect.