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Resumen: In Chinese-English translation the equivalents for noun or verb modifiers are more than often subject to redeployment in the target language. According to the principle that a modifier is supposed to be syntactically located in the immediacy of the modified toward which it is semantically oriented, the displacement of a modifier from where it should be syntactically located is incurred because of pragmatic motivations. However, in the context of Chinese-English translation, the modified can exert more drawing force on the modifier. As a result, the originally displaced modifier, now in a position identical to that of its English equivalent, returns to the modified, the noun or the verb, toward which it is semantically oriented. Or the modifier will resume the syntactic position as close to its modified noun or verb as possible. A conclusive analysis claims that the drawing gravity from the modified in C-E translation results from the translator's heightened semantic concerns, although some pragmatic effects can be produced as expected or unexpected.

Resumen: In this paper we present our work on constructing and using English-Persian parallel corpora to support research in fields such as English-Persian bilingual lexicography, developing translation memory software, English-Persian cross-language information retrieval, and statistically-based machine translation from English into Persian. We have tried to design a program to automatically align the corpus at sentence level, but here, our main concern is to introduce the procedures and techniques for developing an online parallel corpus of English and Persian texts in various domains. This corpus is extendable: more and more parallel sentences in the languages may be added, and it will be provided free to those interested in language and translation matters, especially translation trainees. One of the main activities associated with building such a corpus is developing software for parallel concordancing, in which a user can enter a search string in one language and see all citations for that string in the search language as well as corresponding sentences in the target language. Aligned bilingual corpora have in fact proved useful in many tasks, including machine translation (Brown etal. 1990; Sadler 1989), sense disambiguation (Brown etal. 1991a; Dagan et al. 1991; Gale et al.1991), cross-language information retrieval (Davis and Dunning 1995; Landauer and Littman 1990; Oard 1997) and bilingual lexicography (Klavans and Tzoukermann 1990); Warwick and Russell 1990).