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Resumen: The aim of this article is to describe the state of the art in Spain of the two most popular media accessible modalities: audio description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing. The article traces their origin and development up to the present time. It also examines standards and laws and analyses the economic and operative implications of media accessibility, which does not follow traditional economic parameters. The article aims to define the profile of future describers and subtitlers in Spain, who are currently being trained in the field of Audiovisual Translation. It concludes by proposing a wide variety of measures to be taken in order to reach full media accessibility and raise popular awareness of these services which are available now and will be increasingly so in the future with the change from analogous to digital broadcasting.

Resumen: The translation of Inazo Nitobe's Bushido: the Soul of Japan (1905) by Millán-Astray, the founder of the Spanish Foreign Legion (1941), has been studied from the point of view of the contexts, pretexts and texts of the source text (ST) and the translated text (TT). Nitobe's context and pretext meant that his discourse was primarily one of cultural mediation, an attempt to build bridges between East and West, but also to strengthen the position of Japan. Millán-Astray's context and pretext meant that his discourse was intended to inspire the youth of Spain, but also, and this was even more important, to strengthen Franco's regime and give prestige to the Spanish Foreign Legion. The pretexts of both author and translator can be found in the paratextual elements of the ST (1905) and the TT (1941). However, both texts have been re-edited several times in different formats, without the original introductions and prologues and this raises the question of how the inclusion or omission of this information may affect the reader's interpretation of text as discourse.

Resumen: The unknown, precisely because it is unknown, causes suspicion and fear. What does the lawyer feel when he faces an unknown legal institution? How does the translator react in such a case? In this article we study both the reaction of the Spanish legal community and also that of translators in Spain when facing an unknown legal institution like the trust. That enables us to realise that there is a close relationship between the attitude of the legal translator when faced with a new institution like the trust and the view taken by international private law rules as well as that of the legal community in charge of applying foreign law. Furthermore, we compare the attitude of the Spanish translators and the legal community in Spain, rather conservative, with that of other countries, like Canada, which have shown to be more open minded. Finally, we put forward translation strategies based on the calque and loan of the foreign word.