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Resumen: Translation S- and T-universals have been widely discussed in Translation Studies and their psycholinguistic study has been among the priority topics today. The article is focused on the study of translation 'S- universals' (Chesterman 2004) and is based both on the psycholinguistic model of literary translation, which combines today's neuroscience theories of cognitivism and connectionism, and on the experimental data that demonstrate its validity. The model is resulted in a series of experiments held with undergraduate students of translation department. The results of the study proved the idea of existing specific procedural and discursive S-universals in literary translation. As the empirical data showed, these universals maintain the status of common strategies depending on translator's cognitive style (analytical or synthetic) and his dominant channel (visual, auditory, kinesthetic) of source text perception.

Resumen: The transfer of offensive and taboo language in subtitling may position translators' choices in a challenging and controversial situation, given the effect that such terms can cause on the audience (Díaz Cintas 2001a). Nowadays, it seems that dealing with this type of language starts to gain more attention in academic circles, as it belongs to colloquial language within a low register, and as such we do speak in diverse manners depending on the context we are in. This paper delves into the way offensive and taboo language has been subtitled into European Spanish. In order to conduct this study, the subtitling of the DVD version of Quentin Tarantino's multilingual film Inglourious Basterds (2009) has been described and analyzed, resorting to a multi-strategy design (Robson 2011) which combines quantitative with qualitative data, under the umbrella of the descriptive translation studies paradigm. Accordingly, the main purpose of this analysis is to determine any regularities in the way in which offensive and taboo language has been dealt with in this particular case study, considering the technological restrictions of subtitling as well as the translational strategies employed. Thus, this study aims to shed some light on the way this type of language has been transferred on the screen.

Resumen: This empirical-experimental study focuses on the processing of metaphorical expressions in sight translation (STR), a particular branch of interpreting. In order to test whether linguistic metaphors pose cognitive challenges for sight translators, we designed a within-subject experiment with 30 undergraduate taking an intermediate-level interpreting course at a Chinese university. Three streams of data, namely processing times, translation quality assessments, questionnaires and retrospective interviews, were collected and analysed for triangulation purposes.pThe results showed that metaphorical expressions took more time to process, and their presence resulted in more translation failures. In other words, the inclusion of linguistic metaphors slowed down the speed of production and compromised the quality of translation, meaning that the STR of metaphors requires more effort than for their literal counterparts. The results also suggested that the extra effort was mainly invested in the reading phase, rather than in the production phase. The data revealed that mistranslations resulting from incomplete understanding, and the ensuing imbalance in the allocation of processing capacity between the reading and production tasks, far outnumbered those resulting from the failure to find appropriate target-language terms. By adopting STR as the vehicle for examining metaphorical expressions, this study also shed some light on how metaphors are processed in a bilingual environment.

Resumen: Despite the fact that translation teaching research has been gaining momentum over the last two decades, little has been written and therefore known about translation assessment in the teaching context. This article reports on a data-based empirical study of translation testing in China. The issues raised in it range from teachers’ attitudes towards testing to its objectives, design, contents, frequency, and its pedagogical roles. It is suggested that more research be done on translation testing, of which the first task is to develop a theoretical framework to provide guidance for translation testing practice and research. It is further recommended that translation testing be made more teaching-oriented and brought closer to the real world of professional translation.

Resumen: In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a "translation" and how such things are to be found, usually through recourse to bibliographical databases. We propose that, starting from the maximalist view that translations are potentially everywhere, various distribution processes impose a series of selective filters thanks to which some translations are more easily identified and accessible than others. The study of translation must be aware of these prior filters, and must know how to account for them, and sometimes how to overcome them. Research processes then necessarily impose their own selective filters, which may reduce or extend the number and kinds of translations given by prior filters. We present three research projects where the play of prior and research filters is very different. For one-off large-scale relational hypotheses, the Index Translationum is found to be relatively cost-efficient. For more detailed objects such as translation flows from Spanish into French in a specific period, a book-industry database offers significant advantages. And for a study marked by a paucity of texts, as is the case of translation from Korean into English following the Korean War, a combination of databases is necessary, the most useful turning out to be Amazon.

Resumen: "Cine independiente y traducción" es el ensayo, resultado de un proyecto de investigación centrado en el cine independiente (de autor) americano, abordado desde la óptica de su traducción al español en las modalidades más utilizadas de la traducción audiovisual; el doblaje y la subtitulación. La obra analiza la forma de traducir (el "Método de traducción") en cinco películas independientes americanas realizadas entre los años 2001 y 2003, como el resultado del proceso de la búsqueda de soluciones ante los problemas que su traducción plantea. El método de traducción observado puede variar dependiendo de la modalidad de traducción elegida, ya que se obtiene un producto que en ocasiones puede llegar a parecer diferente. Este libro esta dirigido a estudiantes, investigadores y a todos los lectores interesados en el cine independiente y su traducción.