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Resumen: "There has always been an unsettled debate between proponents of a theory-free practice of translation and those who believe that theory is an integral part of translators' training. The arguments the initial group provides relate to the fact that translators simply are able to conduct translations without having to rely on theoretical views which they say in most cases make their task even more complex, these views themselves, they say, are single-minded, hindered, untested; not to mention those highly controversial ones. Theory proponents on the other hand, are adamant that a translator should know about experts' views on matters related to translation. If this does not make them carry out their job with greater success, they insist, it will at least provide them with nvaluable insights about a number of nuances related to the practice. So, how relevant is 'theory' in translation?".

Resumen: "The concept of the meme comes from genetics: it is the cultural equivalent of a gene. The term was introduced by Dawkins in his best-seller The selfish gene (1976]). In one of his chapters he discusses how cultural phenomena can be studied in the same way as genetic ones, in that both are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection. He proposes "meme" as a term to describe the evolution of cultural phenomena. A meme is a unit of cultural transmission, a unit of imitation. (...) If a scientist hears, or reads about, a good idea, he passes it on to his colleagues and students. If the idea catches on, it can be said to propagate itself, spreading from brain to brain. (Dawkins 1976)".