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Resumen: Este trabajo analiza quince Introducciones de exposiciones orales en el marco de la LInguística Sistémico-Funcional. Se exploran los significados interpersonales que seleccionan los hablantes para crear solidaridad con la audiencia así como los principales exponentes léxico-gramaticales que expresan la centralidad del tema, a partir de las herramientas del sistema semántico discursivo de la valoración.

Resumen: Any language can be interpreted as a system of meanings with corresponding grammatical forms to realice those meanings. In the case of conditional meaning, English structures are highly strung (Halliday 1975:24) and complicated. A good handling of English conditionals involves proper knowledge of embedding, proficient command of tense forms to mark appropriate potential subsequence of certain, possible or impossible events and a good grasp of modal auxiliaries' uses.

Resumen: For political and military considerations, English has become an international language used in all aspects of life: the language of advanced science, the internet, and business communication. Both English and Arabic are two of the official languages used in the United Nations for meetings, discussions, negotiation and documentation. The above mentioned fields might be free of culture and religion because the language of science, for instance, is direct and the action is the most important element of meaning which is more important than the doer. Obviously, the same thing is applicable on the language of business or stock markets in London, New York and Dubai. But when it comes to the language of politics and mass media which processes politics, the linguistic situation becomes different due to the excessive use of cultural and religious metaphors and religious terminologies deep-rooted in most classical and modern languages like Arabic which is the language of the holy Koran followed by one billion and half people. This number is expected to rise sharply due to the high birth rate in the Muslim World as this is recommended by Islamic teachings. This means that Arabic will increasingly spoken by a large number of people worldwide. The misinterpretation of certain Arabic, political and religious terminologies results in communicative problems for politicians and journalists who could be native speakers of Arabic or English. For the purpose of investigating this communicative problem, we collected data from 10 journalists who were Arab, British and American. They were chosen randomly and asked about the terrorism connotations of frequently used Arabic terms in mass media like: islamist, martyr, strugglers, Jihad: holy war, sacrifice, Martyr operation, guerillas, etc. Those religious, political and conceptually loaded words were described, classified and codified as the most terrorism words and the most problematic words for western journalists and/or politicians. The study has revealed that they are so because they seem to represent a linguistic interface and a big aggressive concept as seen by western journalists. On top of that, they are loaded with culturally bound connotations, images and signals. On the contrary, the Arab journalists did not see these words in the way of their western colleagues did.

Resumen: "Stories of female spirituality in the Spanish Baroque most often result from the interaction between the mystic's original testimonies and the voice of a male author, typically the woman's confessor, who transcribes and interprets the initial texts while endowing them with legitimization. (...) In this paper, I will discuss the idea of the self-effaced translator in male narrations of famale spirituality by focusing the Vida de Getrudes de San Ildefonso, the biography of a Poor Claire nun who lived in Quito, what is now Ecuador, during the second half of the seventeenth century" .

Resumen: From microbiology to nuclear physics and chemistry to software engineering, scientific and technical translation is a complex activity that involves communicating specialized information on a variety of subjects across multiple languages. It requires expert linguistic knowledge and writing skills, combined with the ability to research and understand complex concepts and present them to a range of different audiences. Using a combination of interdisciplinary research, real-world examples drawn from professional practice and numerous learning activities, this introductory textbook equips the student with the knowledge and skills needed to get started in this exciting and challenging field. It examines the origins and history of scientific and technical translation, and the people, tools and processes involved in translating scientific and technical texts. Scientific and Technical Translation Explained provides an overview of the main features of scientific and technical discourse as well as the different types of documents produced. A series of detailed case studies highlight various translation challenges and introduce a range of strategies for dealing with them. A variety of resources and exercises are included to make learning effective and enjoyable. Additional resources and activities are available on Facebook.

Resumen: "The ideas discussed in this paper explore the important role as agents of social change that translators are called upon to play in this new century. 1-Translation as an agent of cultural development, since effective translation bridges the gap between cultures, not merely words. 2- Translation as a promoter of economic growth, given the boom in international trade and the dramatic rise in the demand for translation. 3- The role of higher education institutions as harbingers of change and generators of integration through innovative translation programmes. These issues will be analysed in the context of Mercosur countries, with a special emphasis on Brazil and Argentina".

Resumen: Revising and editing are tasks translators are increasingly called upon to do but are rarely trained for. Brain Mossop draws on years of professional experience to fill this urgent gap. Using a systematic approach and including inseder's tips and numerous real -world examples, he offers guidance not just for students learning to edit texts written by others, but also for professional translators who wish to improve their self-revision ability or learn to revise others.This book can be used in the translation class, as a basis for professional development workshops, or for self- study. It includes detailed coverage of a wide of topics including: copyediting, stylistic editing, structural editing, cheking for consistency, use of computer aids, revision parameters, degrees of revision, self-revision, quality assessment.

Resumen: "The revised english grammar" a new edition of "The elements of English grammar" based upon the recommendations of the committee on grammatical terminology.

Resumen: This volume is a compendium of PACTE Group's experimental research in Translation Competence since 1997. The book is organised in four main parts and also includes eight appendices and a glossary. Part I presents the conceptual and methodological framework of PACTE's Translation Competence research design. Part II focuses on the methodological aspects of the research design and its development: exploratory tests and pilot studies carried out; experiment design; characteristics of the sample population; procedures of data collection and analysis. Part III presents the results obtained in the experiment related to: the Acceptability of the translations produced in the experiment and the six dependent variables of study (Knowledge of Translation; Translation Project; Identification and Solution of Translation Problems; Decision-making; Efficacy of the Translation Process; Use of Instrumental Resources); this part also includes a corpus analysis of the translations. Part IV analyses the translators who were ranked highest in the experiment and goes on to present final conclusions as well as PACTE's perspectives in the field of Translation Competence research.

Resumen: This is the first book to deliver a comprehensive guide to research methods in all types of interpreting. It brings together the expertise of two world-recognized scholars in spoken and signed language interpreting to cover the full scope of the discipline. It features questions, prompts and exercises throughout to highlight key concepts, provoke thought and encourage reader interaction. It deals fully with research in both conference and community interpreting, offering a variety of perspectives on both. Core areas such as reading and analyzing research literature, practical issues in research and producing research reports are all covered. This book is an indispensable tool for students and researchers of Interpreting as well as professionals and interpreter trainers.

Resumen: This is a very practical and accessible book that offers a comprehensive overview of research methodology in applied linguistics by describing the various stages of qualitative and quantitative investigations, from collecting the data to reporting the results. It also discusses 'mixed methods research', that is, the various combinations of qualitative and quantitative methodologies.

Resumen: Guillermo Cabanellas de las Cuevas es autor; junto a Eleanor Hoague, de uno de los diccionarios jurídicos bilingües más utilizados por los traductores de nuestro país. En esta entrevista, el doctor Cabanellas de las Cuevas se refiere a los problemas más frecuentes que debe enfrentar el autor de una obra de este tipo y nos habla de la metodología que empleó para redactar su Diccionario Jurídico Inglés-español, español-inglés.

Resumen: "Voici la troisième édition du Le Répertoire mondial des historiens de la traduction publié par le Comité pour l'historie de la traduction (FIT). La première (1991) comptait 68 historiens, la seconde (1993), 116. Celle-ci en regroupe 180. Plus de trente pays sont représentés (...). Le Répertoire mondial des historiens de la traduction s'est révélé un outil de travail utile, par exemple, pour la planification de colloques en histoire de la traduction ou le recrutement d'historiens en vue de la réalisation de certains projets collectifs".

Resumen: En tanto el tema de este V Congreso Latinoamericano de Traducción e Interpretación es "Traducir Culturas, un desafío bicentenario", este trabajo abordará el fenómeno del lenguaje estilo llano o ciudadano, denominado también Plain Language, como herramienta de comunicación global en el ámbito jurídico. Asimismo, intentará analizar el rol del traductor en tanto es un mediador intercultural y un posible difusor y usuario de este estilo. También analizará las consecuencias derivadas del auge de Internet como vehículo de comunicación, su impacto en el discurso y el surgimiento del estilo llano. Intentará un abordaje de los desafíos que enfrenta el traductor a la hora de comunicar efectivamente. Se propondrá una categorización de las tendencias de aplicación del estilo llano o "Plain" en distintas áreas relacionadas con el ámbito jurídico (sector privado, esfera gubernamental, poder judicial) y un análisis de las tendencias y la normativa existentes, necesarias para que el traductor tome decisiones informadas relativas al estilo, que tienen un impacto directo en el campo semántico.

Resumen: Section I. Some general issues: Paper 1. On the idea of a theory, Paper 2. Shared ground in Translation Studies, Paper 3. What constitutes "progress" in Translation Studies?, Paper 4. Towards consilience?. Section II. Descriptive and prescriptive: Paper 5. The empirical status of prescriptivism, Paper 6. Skopos theory: A retrospective assessment, Paper 7. Catford revisited, Paper 8. The descriptive paradox, or how theory can affect practice. Section III. Causality and explanation: Paper 9. Causes, translations, effects, Paper 10. A causal model for Translation Studies, Paper 11. Semiotic modalities in translation causality, Paper 12. On explanation. Section IV. Norms: Paper 13. From 'is' to 'ought': Laws, norms and strategies in Translation Studies, Paper 14. A note on norms and evidence. Section V. Similarities and differences: Paper 15. On similarity, Paper 16. Problems with strategies, Paper 17. The unbearable lightness of English words. Section VI. Hypotheses: Paper 18. The status of interpretive hypotheses, Paper 19. Reflections on the literal translation hypothesis. Section VII. "Universals": Paper 20. Beyond the particular, Paper 21. What is a unique item?, Paper 22. Kundera's sentence, Paper 23. Universalism in Translation Studies. Section VIII. The sociological turn: Paper 24. Questions in the sociology of translation, Paper 25. The name and nature of Translator Studies, Paper 26. Models of what processes?. Section IX. Translation ethics: Paper 27. Proposal for a Hieronymic Oath, Paper 28. An ethical decision.

Resumen: The redbook is a comprehensive guide to the essential rules of legal writting. Unlike other style manuals. The Redbook focuses on the special needs of legal writers. It answers the nuts-and bolts, questions about grammar, word choice, formatting, punctuation, edition, spelling, editing, and much more. Many rules are ilustrates with examples in legal context, including judicial opinions and other legal litature. You`Il find a usage section with more than 1000 words that give legal writers trouble, a list of more than 200 terms of art that take on a new meanings in the field of law, and a guide to using more than 800 words that take certain preposition. There are also extensive lists of words that take certain preposition. There are also extensive list of words and phrases that add nothings at all, plus stuffy phrases, wordy phrases, and fancy words with suggestions for simple subtitutes. Designed especially for practicing attorneys, judges, law professors, paralegals, and legal secretaries. The redbook emphasizes the various ways legal writing differs from other types of technical writing. Its how- to sections give practical tips on preparing the legal documents they are called on to produce every day...

Resumen: Este trabajo se deriva del proyecto de investigación "Diseño de un tipologizador textual para la traducción automática de textos jurídicos (español/inglés/alemán/italiano/árabe)". El objetivo de dicho proyecto de investigación fue el diseño y posterior implementación de una herramienta informática capaz de generar automáticamente un determinado tipo de texto jurídico en español, inglés, alemán, italiano y árabe. Concretamente, se centró en el contrato de compraventa de bienes inmuebles, para el cual se ha elaborado una interlengua a partir de conceptos jurídicos en forma de gramática lógica subyacente y orientada hacia la creación de un generador automático multilingüe. Los capítulos de este libro son el fruto de las investigaciones realizadas en el seno del proyecto, sobre todo en lo que se refiere al establecimiento de prototipos textuales.

Resumen: Two major difficulties for intermediate students are their inability to understnd what has been read and their lack of vocabulary, which so often causes frustration when students try to express themselves. To become part of a student's active vocabulary a word must be repeated constantly, so that it is not only understood but can also be used in everyday conversation. Repetition breeds familiarity and familiarity confidence. This book not only tests the student's ability to comprehend, but also helps him gain a greater active vocabulary.

Resumen: Revisa conceptos y usos básicos de la fonética inglesa con respecto a determinados aspectos de la expresión oral de este idioma, por medio de un proceso interactivo con los participantes. Propone mecanismos que faciliten la autocorrección de los errores más frecuentes.

Resumen: La pronunciación correcta de una lengua extranjera es clave en la formación profesional. Es primordial para que los intérpretes y traductores comprendan y sean comprendidos en escenarios de cualquier lugar del mundo. Por eso, es necesario contar con las habilidades lingüísticas suficientes para explotar al máximo la expresión oral en otras lenguas, lo que implica una pronunciación pertinente a lo largo de la carrera profesional. Las experiencias de los seminarios que aquí se presentan son ejemplos que nos invitan a reflexionar sobre los beneficios del trabajo interdisciplinario entre la pronunciación y la actuación.

Resumen: Este trabalho trata da extração e da classificação de <Combinatórias Léxicas Especializadas> (<CLEs>) no âmbito do Projeto Combinatórias Léxicas Especializadas da Linguagem Legal, Normativa e Científica, desenvolvido pelo Grupo Termisul. Os corpora dos quais as CLEs foram extraídas são compostos por textos legislativos em seis línguas: português, alemão, espanhol, francês, inglês e italiano. Para a extração das CLEs, foram utilizadas ferramentasconstruídas pelo próprio grupo listador de palavras, gerador de n-gramas, de clusters e de concordâncias, e do programa AntConc. As CLEs repertoriadas foram classificadas em jurídicas e terminológicas. Caracterizamos cada um dos grupos por suas propriedades sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas e discutimos os problemas surgidos para estabelecer os limites das combinatórias. Com os resultados obtidos, espera-se poder oferecer uma base de dados on-line para tradutores e redatores especializados.

Resumen: This book provides complete preparation for all five papers of the <First Certificate> examination. This substantially revised and updated edition includes: four new units, covering topics of interest to students of all ages (nature and the environment, science and technology, books and reading, news and current affairs), systematic treatment of grammatical problem areas, thorough training in composition writing, new directed writing and problem-solving activities, entirely new sections on pfrasal verbs, prepositions, word study and pronunciation, many new reading and listening activities, revised vocabulary sections, revision exercises to help students review the language they have learned and updated speaking activities for the Interview (Paper 5).

Resumen: This book has a very specific purpose. Between the Cambridge <First Cartificate> and the Cambridge <Certificate of Proficiency> Examinations, students have to build upa far greater knowledge of idiomatic english and they have to learn to eliminate grammatical and stylistic mistakes. This involves a systematic revision of all the most important aspects of grammar and construction, and this book is designed to help in this task.

Resumen: This book has a very specific purpose. Between the Cambridge <First Certificate> and the Cambridge <Proficiency Examinations> Examinations, students have to build upa far greater knowledge of idiomatic english and they have to learn to eliminate grammatical and stylistic mistakes. This involves a systematic revision of all the most important aspects of grammar and construction, and this book is designed to help in this task.

Resumen: This publication contains the word of translators, interpreters, terminologists, and other professionals giving presentatrions at the XIX World Congress in San Francisco, California on August 1-4, 2011. The theme of the Congress, "Bridging Cultures", reflects the international nature of the event and highlights the fact that FIT member associations build bridges between cultures and facilitate communication that creates cultural enrichment.

Resumen: "There has always been an unsettled debate between proponents of a theory-free practice of translation and those who believe that theory is an integral part of translators' training. The arguments the initial group provides relate to the fact that translators simply are able to conduct translations without having to rely on theoretical views which they say in most cases make their task even more complex, these views themselves, they say, are single-minded, hindered, untested; not to mention those highly controversial ones. Theory proponents on the other hand, are adamant that a translator should know about experts' views on matters related to translation. If this does not make them carry out their job with greater success, they insist, it will at least provide them with nvaluable insights about a number of nuances related to the practice. So, how relevant is 'theory' in translation?".

Resumen: The moment I first met you, I noticed your pride, your sense of superiority, and your selfish disdain for the feelings of others. You are the last man in the world whom I could ever be persuaded to marry,' said Elizabeth Bennet. And so Elizabeth rejects the proud Mr Darcy. Can nothing overcome her prejudice against him? And what of the other Bennet girls - their fortunes, and misfortunes, in the business of getting husbands? This famous novel by Jane Austen is full of wise and humorous observation of the people and manners of her times.

Resumen: This will be the last issue of Translatio during the term of office of this council and so it is an opportune time to look back over the last three and what has been achieved.

Resumen: This reference book is intended as a practical guide to the use of prepositions and adverbial particles. SImple examples of usage are given throughout the book. Brief explanations accompany the examples wherever necessary, and grammatical rules are presented as clearly as possible. The book is divided into six chapters, and some classification of the complex question of usage is thereby attempted. The key words in the phrases are arranged in alphabetical order.

Resumen: This book is concerned with translation theory. It proposes an all-round view of translation in the terms of modern pragmatics, as articulated in three pragmatic functions (performative, interpersonal and locative) which describe how translated texts function in the world, involve readers and are rooted in their spatio-temporal contexts. It presents a full and up to date view of translation that takes into account thirty years of research in the field of Descriptive Translation Studies. Unlike DTS, the theory provides an account of products and processes.