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Resumen: The study surveys the existing literature on strategies in simultaneous interpreting (understood here as transformations indicative of interpreting procedures that manifest in the product of interpreting). On the basis of the survey, a summary of eight strategies which are present in various research strands is compiled. I use a parallel bidirectional corpus of Ru-En simultaneous interpreting to extract a random sample of 360 fragments and investigate the presence of the eight strategies in the sample. The type of strategy is then correlated with three variables: direction of interpreting, position of the source fragment in the original text, and phraseological richness of the source fragment. The findings indicate that all the strategies, including an additional transformation category (incorrect interpretations), are present in the sample, although some of them are considerably less common than earlier literature purports. All three variables have significant association with the type of strategy, although in cases of directionality this holds only for saucissonnage and omission. A close analysis of three coding categories—omission, explicitation, and incorrect interpretations—suggests that interpreters in this corpus orient more towards a performative than informative function of their SI.

Resumen: El objetivo fundamental de este estudio fue observar si los intérpretes utilizan estrategias determinadas y si toman decisiones específicas para sortear los retos que implica la premodificación extensa del sintagma nominal (PESN) en la dirección EN>ES en IS. De ser así, identificar dichas estrategias y decisiones, y reflexionar sobre su frecuencia de uso y efectividad.

Resumen: The interpreter-mediated communication is always an instance of intercultural communication. The interpreter therefore should shift to be the cultural mediator rather than the interpreter in the interaction. This article attempts to extend the theoretical focus in interpreting studies to cultural orientations, contexting, thus laying down a theoretical framework to address the 'role shift' of the interpreter, for instance, why an interpreter should act as a cultural mediator, where he should step in, what and how he can fulfill his role as a cultural mediator.

Resumen: This is the first book to deliver a comprehensive guide to research methods in all types of interpreting. It brings together the expertise of two world-recognized scholars in spoken and signed language interpreting to cover the full scope of the discipline. It features questions, prompts and exercises throughout to highlight key concepts, provoke thought and encourage reader interaction. It deals fully with research in both conference and community interpreting, offering a variety of perspectives on both. Core areas such as reading and analyzing research literature, practical issues in research and producing research reports are all covered. This book is an indispensable tool for students and researchers of Interpreting as well as professionals and interpreter trainers.

Resumen: Given the lack of sensitization to the multi-dimensional concept of quality, and given the versatility of the concept of relevance, the present investigation attempts to examine the premise that Relevance Theory (RT) can function as a standard or a benchmark for maximizing and/or optimizing quality in CI. Whilst the theoretical part relies heavily on Ernst-August Gutt's seminal work Translation and Relevance: Cognition and Context (2000), the practical part draws on some empirical data obtained from trainee-interpreters' recorded sessions at the Hashemite University (Jordan) in order to provide a relevance-driven account for some semantic, syntactic, and cultural difficulties and problems in CI. The study arrives at the main conclusion that the degree of quality in CI largely depends on the degree of relevance achieved by the interpreter's TL version, i.e., quality in CI would rise exponentially with the degree of relevance achieved by the interpreter's TL version. The study also concludes that the pragmatic RT can be considered a reliable instrument, a reliable frame of reference, or a reliable screening system that can ensure both relevance-building and a correspondingly concomitant quality-building in CI, i.e., RT can possibly fine-tune the interpreters' performance in the booth.

Resumen: By examining the types and frequencies of non-renditions in a 100-hour corpus of court interpreting records from Hong Kong, this study demonstrated that court interpreters actively coordinate communication when carrying out their interpreting duties. Non-renditions are interpreters' utterances that do not have a corresponding counterpart in the source language, and such renditions are ordinarily used to coordinate interpreter-mediated exchanges. This analysis revealed that in the Hong Kong court setting, non-renditions were less common in English (the court language) than in Cantonese (the main language of the witnesses and defendants). In the Cantonese subsample, interactional non-renditions were more common than textual non-renditions, and most of these utterances were self-initiated rather than prompted by others. In the English subsample, textual non-renditions were more common than interactional non-renditions, and most of them were other-prompted. The skewed distribution of non-renditions, and particularly the tendency to address non-renditions to the lay participants, suggests that court interpreters may not be absolutely impartial.

Resumen: The objective of this research is to develop a model of consecutive interpretation that can cope with a number of linguistic, pragmatic, stylistic, thematic, discourse and communicative problems a conference interpreter encounters while interpreting from English into Arabic or vice versa. A linguistic corpus of one hundred page English speeches delivered at the United Nation General Assembly sessions and interpreted into Arabic is analysed. The proposed model caters for both the SL and TL communicative contexts and views the conference interpreter as a mediator who decodes the original message and encodes it appropriately. The model is tested against the collected sample of linguistic data. It has proved to be capable of identifying inconsistencies and inaccuracies in five major areas: textual, stylistic, lexical, collocation and structural; the percentage of each is statistically calculated.

Resumen: Este volumen pretende hacerse eco sobre algunas líneas de investigación que se están desarrollando actualmente en el panorama internacional. Las contribuciones que incluye han sido elaboradas por jóvenes investigadores, que se están haciendo hueco con sus novedosas ideas en este ámbito. Se trata de un total de diez capítulos que sirven como muestra de la gran variedad de estudios que se están elaborando en torno a la Traducción y la Interpretación en los últimos años tanto dentro como fuera de nuestras fronteras. Se desarrollan en ámbitos distintos (como los servicios públicos, el ámbito jurídico, el comercio exterior, la interpretación de conferencias o la lexicografía) y con la ayuda de métodos de investigación muy diversos y, de este modo, son representativos de la multidisciplinariedad, vastedad y complejidad de la investigación en este ámbito. Estas investigaciones que aquí se presentan y muchas otras avanzan cada día vertiginosamente y se multiplican, por lo que este volumen se espera que sea el primero de otros muchos que recojan nuevas colecciones de investigaciones traductológicas emergentes.

Resumen: Investigación que analiza la interpretación simultánea inglés - español (EN>ES) de algunas construcciones impersonales (CsIm). Son dos los objetivos específicos: por una parte observar el rol de la sintaxis en el procesamiento cognitivo de estas construcciones (Gile, 2002, 2009; Alonso, 2009, 2010; Dam, 2002), tal como se podría inferir del texto término; y por otra, esbozar la relación impersonalidad y agentividad en cuanto a los recursos lingüísticos utilizados.

Resumen: In most spiritual gatherings in Southwest Nigeria, as observed today, preaching is in English or in Yoruba and then interpreted in Yoruba or English. English is an official language in Nigeria and Yoruba is the local language in most of the Southwest of the country. Most people are to some extent bilingual. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of the interpretation carried out in those spiritual gatherings. Questionnaires were administered. Data were collated and analyzed. A total of 39 respondents (78 percent ) were satisfied with the output of the interpretation from English to Yoruba while only 48 percent were satisfied with the interpretation from Yoruba to English. The study concludes that interpretation from English to Yoruba is being handled better and more training be given to those interpreting from Yoruba to English.

Resumen: Recent research on liaison interpreting shows that the interpreters' role in communicative events includes language facilitator and intercultural mediator. Being empowered with more coordinating functions rather than regarded as invisible conduits, however, how do interpreters with different professional experiences perceive their own role in business settings? And what are the actual expectations on them from their clients? This paper tries to answer the questions through a questionnaire-based survey of three groups of respondents: professional interpreters, student interpreters and clients, with each group including 30 respondents. Chesterman's (2001) four models of ethics, together with the hypothetical no ethics model, were designed as answers to the questionnaire (17 closed questions) and translation versions to two interpreting samples. The frequencies of responses to the questions and the evaluation scores of the translation versions are collected and analyzed, revealing the following findings: All three groups acknowledge the constraints translation ethics place on the freedom of action; and all three groups agree that interpreters simultaneously shoulder the tasks of translating and coordinating, with the "ethics of communication" being the most widely acknowledged one. However, there are discrepancies between and within the groups, and even attitudinal inconsistencies and contradictions in individual participants. These findings, by re-describing the interpreter's power in interlingual and intercultural interactions, will help improve professional standards and interpreting training.