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Resumen: After thirty years' research on the topic of language and gender, it is now generally felt that the talk of men and women is different (Wodak 1997). Women are said to value casual talk as an end in itself, regarding it as an activity which not only promotes friendship but actually constitutes it (Coates 1997, Johnson & Aries 1998). Women favour different genres of talk from men, such as gossip (Blum-Kulka 2000, Coates 1998....)and where they use the same genres, they do so for different purposes. Preferred topics are different: men talk about sports, work, activities and objects, whereas women talk about family and relationships...

Resumen: "The role of grammatical gender in sex specification including the so-called generic masculine has been one of the main topics in feminismt linguistic research. However, the existing differences between even closely related languages have only in part been analysed systematically. After some more general remarks on gender and gender assignment I will concentrate on a contrastive analysis of formal as well as semantic propierties of grammatical gender in Spanish, French and German. I will show that in all three languages sex specification through gender must be conceived of as one kind of semantic utilisation of the gender opposition among others. The differences concerning the extent to which gender is used to mark sex are -at least partly- due to distinct formal characteristics of the gender system..."

Resumen: Every act of speech that refers to the action of another human being, without stating the proper name or a full reference for the agent, requires pronouns. If the gender of the agent is concealed in any way, the applied pronouns should be generic and all-inclusive including male, female and neutral participants in the action. Pronouns, as words which specify the noun, have to be detailed enough to give a sufficient reference to the agent of the action, but they must also be general enough as to leave room for some interpretation. Ideally, a generic pronoun does not hold a gendered connotation in itself. It should be the unmarked pronoun, equalitarian in its meaning and all-inclusive in its connotation. Gender in most languages is expressed mainy through inflectional affixes on nouns, changes of articles and agreement of other parts of speech. In gendered languages such as German aand French, gender categories for nouns - femenine, masculine and neuter- are only loosely connected to the real world, unless, of course, the reference is in fact human or animal. The arbitratiness may cause some frustration in the language learner, but translating grammatical genderas masculine=male, femenine=female and neuter=sexless should logically be avoided.