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Resumen: This article provides evidence for the applicability of free translation to legal texts, based on an examination of actual cases of Japanese-to-English translation of agreements and contracts in which problems arise from literal translation. The data analysis shows that pitfalls associated with literal translation are attributable to not only the difficulty of finding terminological equivalents that inevitably arises from the differences in the Japanese and American legal and cultural systems, but also to the importance of preserving the spirit of mutual trust and cooperation that is found in Japanese business transactions. It is also postulated that general linguistic and interpretive problems inherent in Japanese-to-English translation of nontechnical texts, including redundancy, ambiguity, propensity for nonspecific statements, and the lack of linguistic clues (e.g., indicators of number), have fundamental, but not well understood, implications for legal translation. The conclusions indicate the need for an integrated approach to legal translation practice that uses both literal and free translations, taking into full account the linguistic, cultural, and legal factors at work in the translation process.

Resumen: A variety of translation issues are addressed, including: cultural differences, register and dialect, grammatical differences, genre, technical, scientific and legal texts, journalistic and informative texts, literary and dramatic texts. Each chapter includes suggestions for classroom discussion and a set of practical exercises designed to explore issues and consolidate skills.

Resumen: La traducción de un texto suele entenderse consumada con la presentación de la traducciónproducto al comitente. En este trabajo, específicamente dedicado a la traducción de textos jurídicos, se aborda la conveniencia de incluir la preparación de un informe como parte del encargo de traducción jurídica y como un eslabón esencial en la cadena de relación profesional traductorcomitente. Las decisiones que se adoptan a lo largo de la traducción-proceso no siempre resultan visibles o justificadas para el destinatario; lo mismo puede decirse de las diversas estrategias traductoras que se escogen para resolver problemas de construcción textual, terminológicos o de falta de equivalencia cultural o funcional, entre muchos otros. El informe de traducción jurídica puede servir como vehículo eficaz para la explicitación de esas decisiones y elecciones, con miras al fortalecimiento del vínculo profesional traductor-cliente y a una mayor visibilidad de la trama de procesos cognitivos que subyacen en la dinámica de trasvase.