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Resumen: "There is no Americano dream. There is only the American dream created by an Anglo-Protestant society. Mexican-Americans will share in that dream and in that society if they dream in English." (cf. Huntington 2004: 256). "Las palabras de un catedrático privilegiado de la prestigiosa Universidad de Harvard siguen resonando en la vida de Estados Unidos. Aunque el país carezca de idioma oficial a nivel federal, durante los 80 y 90 muchos estados aprobaron leyes propias que establecieron el inglés como lengua única. (...) Muchos estados próximos a México, tales como California, Nuevo México o Arizona, más temerosos de la invasión hispana, han impuesto el inglés como lengua oficial, si bien Texas no lo ha hecho."

Resumen: The notion of systems has helped revolutionize translation studies since the 1970s. As a key part of many descriptive approaches, it has broken with the prescriptive focus on what translation should be, encouraging researchers to ask what translation does in specific cultural settings. From his privileged position as a direct participant in these developments, Theo Hermans explains how contemporary descriptive approaches came about, what the basic ideas were, and how those ideas have evolved over time. His discussion addresses the fundamental problems of translation norms, equivalence, polysystems and social systems, covering not only the work of Levý, Holmes, Even-Zohar, Toury, Lefevere, Lambert, Van Leuven-Zwart, Dhulst and others, but also giving special attention to recent contributions derived from Pierre Bourdieu and Niklas Luhmann. An added focus on practical questions of how to investigate translation (problems of definition, description, assessment of readerships, etc.)

Resumen: Translation is one of the most important cross-linguistic and cross-cultural practices. This short introduction focuses on what you need to know about it: the different perspectives on translation and key issues such as equivalence in translation, translation evaluation, and the role of translation in language teaching, globalization, and intercultural communication.

Resumen: This paper examines the translation of economic texts authored by Nobel Prize winner Paul Krugman, published originally by The New York Times in both their printed and Internet editions, and in Spanish by El País. It comprises a small parallel corpus of eighteen original columns and their equivalent Spanish versions, a total of 31,196 words. The article will consider the translation of stable sources (Hernández Guerrero 2009) within the narrative of the economic recession that started in early 2010s. It will use Nord's functional model (2005) to analyse the texts. The objectives of the study are: (1) to establish whether translators opt for instrumental or documentary translation, and (2) to consider whether stable sources such as the opinion columns written by prominent figures can be regarded as closed sources that do not accept major shifts during the translational process. I will look at extratextual factors such as time, space and motivation, as well as intratextual features such as linking devices, thematic organization, markers of text composition and lexis. In the final section, I will attempt to provide an interpretation from the perspective of communication studies, which might inform translation research as well. For the discussion I will draw on Castells' proposal for the study of media discourse and its connection with the political power (2009).

Resumen: Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators' priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.

Resumen: Esta obra introduce dos conceptos claves -reescritura y manipulación- dentro de la teoría de la traducción de los últimos años, haciendo que este libro se haya convertido en un clásico en el ámbito de los estudios de traducción, referente obligado para quien aspire a adentrarse en la senda sugerente y, a la vez, polémica de la llamada "escuela de la manipulación". Su autor parte de la idea de que toda reescritura -entendiendo que la reescritura va desde las antologías y compilaciones hasta las traducciones, pasando por la historiografía, la crítica o la edición de textos- implica una manipulación yque esta manipulación puede ser positiva o negativa según la incidencia que ejerza para perpetuar o para socavar el poder establecido y para que una cultura superior se imponga sobre otra que, a su vez, pugna por liberarse del yugo colonizador.

Resumen: Análisis pormenorizado del prólogo de una traducción reciente de una selección de poemas de Emily Dickinson, entendida como una reescritura de una obra canónica y que cumple el objetivo ético de la traducción, el cual, según un experto, consiste en «llevar a las orillas de la lengua de traducción la obra extranjera en su pura extrañeza». Esto es algo que subyace en el acto mismo de traducir literatura.

Resumen: A pesquisa ora apresentada insere-se no Projeto "Procedimentos de tradução e tratamento do léxico soez" e tem como foco o par bilíngue espanhol-português. A pesquisa prevê, em um primeiro momento, a análise da tradução do léxico soez presente nas obras do escritor espanhol Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (Barcelona - 1939/Bancoque-2003) escritas no período de 1979 a 2003 e traduzidas para o português brasileiro no período de 2001 a 2007.

Resumen: The translation, dissemination and reception of knowledge has served as an excellent indicator of changing ideologies and the major catalyst for institutional changes, language reforms and social transformation in China. However, English representations of the Chinese tradition of translation (e.g. Hung 2005; Hung and Pollard 2009) have not incorporated research findings from Chinese studies (e.g. Cohen 1995; Amelung, Kurtz and Lackner 2001; Elman 2005) and tend to provide unsubstantiated generalizations and hasty conclusions. This article uses a combination of "cultural tool" (Even-Zohar 2005) and "culture planning" (Even-Zohar 2008) as a frame of reference to provide a macroscopic perspective on knowledge translation in different Chinese historical periods as "a means of planning" (Toury 2002:?166) to promote religious agendas, modernize traditional Chinese natural studies, Westernize educational and academic systems, facilitate modernization of the state or participate in global knowledge production.

Resumen: A History of Modern Translation Knowledge is the first attempt to map the coming into being of modern thinking about translation. It breaks with the well-established tradition of viewing history through the reductive lens of schools, theories, turns or interdisciplinary exchanges. It also challenges the artificial distinction between past and present and it sustains that the latter's historical roots go back far beyond the 1970s. Translation Studies is but part of a broader set of discourses on translation we propose to label "translation knowledge". This book concentrates on seven processes that make up the history of modern translation knowledge: generating, mapping, internationalising, historicising, analysing, disseminating and applying knowledge. All processes are covered by 58 domain experts and allocated over 55 chapters, with cross-references. This book is indispensable reading for advanced Master- and PhD-students in Translation Studies who need background information on the history of their field, with relevance for Europe, the Americas and large parts of Asia. It will also interest students and scholars working in cultural and social history.

Resumen: El reconocimiento internacional alcanzado por la literatura aborigen australiana ha suscitado el interés de diversos investigadores, quienes han identificado en esta literatura tradiciones, modos de expresión de un compromiso político y una retórica característicos. Precisamente en esta literatura, expresión de la diversidad cultural aborigen australiana, se instaura una relación sincrética entre la lengua aborigen y la lengua dominante, el inglés, que da cuenta de una construcción identitaria discursiva que resulta relevante para la traducción. El concepto de equivalencia ha sido central para la teoría de la traducción y extremadamente controvertido. La noción, inicialmente asociada a la mera correspondencia entre dos sistemas lingüísticos y, en ocasiones, a la idea de que las traducciones transmiten el mismo significado que el original, de manera estable e independientemente de la lengua, fue especialmente criticada durante las décadas de los años ochenta y noventa(Kenny, [1998] 2009). Con la influencia del posestructuralismo el significado comenzó a concebirse como inherentemente inestable, extremadamente subjetivo y dependiente del contexto, con lo cual no era pasible de ser replicado en otra lengua. Los estudios de traducción pronto adoptaron una concepción de equivalencia como una relación entre dos textos en distintas lenguas (equivalencia intertextual) y no entre dos lenguas (equivalencia interlingüe), lo cual convirtió a la traducción en una tarea más asequible y realista.

Resumen: The detachment of theory from practice has been criticized by translating practitioners; yet little improvement has been made. This book addresses the problem by reinvestigating the system of translation. Based on Daoist dialectics, the author introduces a dual system: translation theory and translating theory. The former concentrates on the abstract and macro aspects while the latter on the practical and micro ones. In professional translating, the depth of knowledge plays a crucial role. The book dedicates a whole chapter on their relationship. In order to demystify the black box of the translating process, a cognitive investigation is carried out. A paradigm called FAST (fluency, accuracy, speed and tradesmanship) is proposed for professional translating practice. The second half of the book tackles issues related to translating of technical and legal documents, as well as menus and poetry. The book is of an interdisciplinary nature, targeting readers who are interested in translation and translating, cognitive linguistics, formulaic language theory, communication studies, knowledge studies, experience and expertise studies, information theory, and intercultural studies.