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Resumen: In very tense and conflicting situations, translators/interpreters/mediators are sometimes led to smooth the terms or the tone or any other aspect of a message, and this for several reasons. The verb "to buffer" relates to an act of "cushioning" and "lessening the effect of", but can also refer to a neutralizing chemical treatment. There is also Bufferin, the buffered aspirin, coated with a substance capable of neutralizing acid, so as to avoid the undesirable side-effects of the drug (such as ulcers and stomach bleeding). When translators "percolate" a message before rendering it in the other language, they function as a sort of buffer. Interpreting is a field where this happens quite often, because in interpreting situations there may be many elements that contribute to create a situation of imminent clash. Nonetheless authors of written translations also find themselves for some reason compelled to smooth the harshness of some words, use less vibrant colors to create a "typical picture" of a certain culture, and even neutralize exalted attitudes of one or more parties.

Resumen: Ideology is a major issue in Translation Studies. With a case study of the Chinese translations of English news headlines concerning the South China Sea disputes on the website of www.ftchinese.com, this paper attempts to provide insights into the translation of ideologies in news in the Chinese context. In the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis, the ideological factors underlying the disparity between the English news headlines and their Chinese translations are explored. The three-dimensional model of analysis put forward by Fairclough is modified and adopted in this paper as the basic steps of analysis: firstly, describe the differences between the original and their translations; secondly, associate them with the social reality; finally, account for those differences. In addition, to demonstrate how translators maneuvered to reach a compromise with the antagonistic ideologies which may set difficulties either for the news to win the acceptance of Chinese online readers or pass the Chinese government censorship, this paper offers an analysis of the translation strategies adopted in those Chinese translations, such as substitution, omission as well as the more subtle strategies, including changes of modality and actor. It is found that in the Chinese translations of the English news headlines, translators' priority is on producing translations suitable to target readers and censors' ideology, rather than linguistic equivalents. Therefore, translating ideology-loaded texts adds a new way to understand translation and ideological explorations in Translation Studies have great potentials.

Resumen: Por su característico argumento principal The taming of the Shrew es una de las obras de Shakespeare más conocidas y representadas en todo el mundo. Pero, quizás tambien por ello, es una de las mas sujetas adaptaciones escénicas o cinematográficas de todo tipo. En España, ha sido traducida en mas de veinte ocasiones y llevada al cine en 1955 con el título La fierecilla domada.

Resumen: The Thornbirds by Colleen McCullough narrates the story of the Cleary family, Irish immigrants in Australia, and the love that Meggie, the daughter, feels for the attractive and ambitious Catholic priest Ralph de Bricassart. By resorting to the world of emotions, McCullough wrote what became a best seller: the novel was published in the USA in 1977, reaching high reading records and being quickly translated into different languages, including Spanish. When it arrived to Spain one year later, the book controlling system that had been operative during Franco's dictatorship and which was in charge of revising all the material entering the country was then coming to its end, but the novel still had to be reviewed in order to be published.

Resumen: This article examines how racist discourse about African-Americans has been translated from English into Slovenian throughout history. Strategies for translating explicitly racist discourse, racial terminology and African American Vernacular English in translations published between 1853 and 2007 are analyzed. The results of the textual comparison are considered in the light of contemporary Slovenian attitudes towards black people and the socio-political situation in the target culture. The results show that the strategies for translating racist discourse in pre-World War II translations differed significantly from those used after a socialist regime was established in Slovenia. Translation strategies were also influenced by the important role that the Slovenian language played in the development of the national identity, by the target readership of the translations, as well as by contemporary relations between the source and target culture. Ideological interventions sometimes considerably affected the interpretive possibilities of a particular literary work.

Resumen: This article focuses on Josep Maria de Sagarra's translations of Shakespeare's plays. It starts by offering an overview of clandestine translation under Franco's regime, it considers the social impact of later reeditions and analyzes the translation criteria employed in his translations of Shakespeare's plays: Sagarra's is a natural fictive orality meant not to be read aloud but rather to be staged, and his use of formal resources like rhythm and rhyme distinguish him from his predecessors (Magí Morera i Galícia and Cèsar August Jordana) and followers (Marià Manent). Finally, the article analyzes the reception that Sagarra's translations have had.

Resumen: The case study examined in depth is a comparison analysis of the classical English novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, which has been translated into Chinese seven times, with seven versions preserving the novel form of the original. The present study will elaborate on the differences between two Chinese versions of Tess of the D'Urbervilles, one is Zhang Guruo's version translated in 1934, and the other is Sun Zhili's version translated in 1999, with regard to language style, literature, concept, acceptance of context, as well as the different translation strategies translators adopted in different historical, social and cultural contexts. The study also examines the special role played in the process by the two translations. The present paper thus contributes both to translation studies and to literary theory. The comparison is carried out by answering the following questions: - What are the social cultural impacts on the first translation and the retranslation? - What kind of selection tendencies do the two translators have? - What are the specific translation strategies adopted by the translators in the field of social customs, history and religion, literature and art, Bible and other allusions, literature and historical figures? Why?

Resumen: The main purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the English-Chinese translated financial terms of Mainland China and Hong Kong in light of the necessary criteria for special communication terminology, and explore the feasibility of standardisation. Some distinctive linguistic properties and translation methods of the two regions' Chinese financial terminology will be illustrated based on data from an industry glossary and major bank annual reports. The present situation is that Mainland China and Hong Kong display both similarities and differences in their Chinese translation of financial terms. With the increasing contact since the 1997 handover, the two regions appear to have been influencing each other, especially in that Mainland China has been adopting Hong Kong's Chinese translations. In view of the fact that some translation scholars and practitioners advocate the standardisation of Chinese financial terminology in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan for the sake of better economic development, this paper outlines the main properties of the two regions' terminologies and evaluates how such standardisation might possibly proceed. Limited research has been done with regard to the translation of Chinese financial terminology and this exploratory study will fill that gap and attract similar studies in the translation and terminology fields.

Resumen: This paper describes how mediation in translation is realized by means of inclusion and exclusion of information at the selection stage and discursive deviations at the presentation stage in the process of target text production. It discusses the effect of mediation in relation to two types of the target text recipients, one is termed professional readers representing the censoring authorities and the other the intended reading public, and their respective socio-cultural backgrounds. Our argument in this paper is that an investigation of translation from the perspective of mediation helps reveal the power struggle underlying the translation process. The detailed description of the textual realization of mediation, in particular, helps create an awareness of the various ways the target text producer may take to mediate the translation process to achieve a compromise between the author's interests and the professional readers' political concerns so as to get the translation published.

Resumen: Propone un repaso de los conceptos sociales y lingüísticos en los que se basan las distintas ramas del lenguaje inclusivo y de las normas gramaticales que lo rigen, así como el planteo de un análisis contrastivo entre los idiomas español e inglés a partir de ejemplos tomados de obras y personas reales.

Resumen: "Hemos empezado aludiendo a Gurpreet Kaur Bhatti y terminamos recogiendo sus palabras. Estas nos recuerdan que el teatro no tiene que ser necesariamente un espacio cómodo. Las dramaturgias analizadas de Syal y de Ahmad no lo son. Las dos tienen en común que confían en el teatro como un espacio privilegiado en el que los conflictos de identidad afloran y el género ocupa un lugar de intersección junto con la etnia y la tradición."

Resumen: Toda producción intelectual o artística está ligada a los condicionamientos culturales de su época. La traducción literaria no es excepción: como actividad productora de textos, se ve afectada por los factores culturales, la visión del mundo de una determinada sociedad, los modelos textuales ofrecidos por esa sociedad, la orientación hacia textos ya aceptados y el discurso que comparten el escritor y el lector. Theo D'Haen presenta varios casos en que los condicionamientos culturales explican traducciones dispares de una misma obra clásica, como el Julio César de Sahkespeare, realizadas en diversos países y épocas. Dichos casos parecen confirmar la idea de que la escritura o la traducción no son completas sin el concurso del lector y la sanción de la sociedad para los que se escribe o traduce. Ahora bien, la traducción de textos clásicos, al realizarse sobre supuestos culturales que no suelen coincidir con los de la época del autor, corre el riesgo de desvirtuar el original si no respeta la lectura que éste exige.

Resumen: Las nuevas técnicas de reproducción humana médicamente asistida han traído aparejadas nuevas formas de familia. Una de las formas que más aumentó en lo últimos tiempos es la familia monoparental a partir de la concepción mediante las nuevas técnicas, incluso, la gestación por subrogación. Estas nuevas realidades han dado lugar a una serie de términos a tener en cuenta en las traducciones de partidas de nacimiento.