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Resumen: South Korea is the first country where the translation education has operated at a postgraduate level in Asia. The first graduate school, the Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, operated at 1979. As of 2006, there are ten translation andJor interpreting departrnents at graduate level in South Korea. The curriculum of translation graduate schools in South Korea should be examined from a theoretical standpoint. This article is the answer of what constitutes a translation graduate school in South Korea in terms of its title, its cornmencement date, type of school, division of departnents, admission requirements, and the duration of the programme and what is an appropriate curriculum for a translation graduate school in South Korea. For this study, I have conducted interviews with heads of translation departments at South Korea's graduate schools in the first place, with a view'to establish the real situation of graduate schools that teach translation in South Korea. I adopted Renfer's model for analysing the programme of the graduate schools. Renfer (1991) presents four basic programme models of translator and/or interpreter education training for western countries such as Two-tier system, Parallel translator and interpreter training model, y model, and Postgraduate interpreter training or intensive on-the-job training in international organisations. The results of the data analysis are discussed, and lastly suggestions for translation students to develop and improve their translation skills are presented.

Resumen: Language varies depending not only on the individual speaker but also on the specific situation in which speakers find themselves. This means that the language used in a given social environment may be perfectly translatable into a different language, but the society to which this other language belongs may not recognise the situation described by the first language. This article presents some examples of cultural values which cannot be translated literally (or which, if translated literally, will convey a message not intended in the original language/culture) and reaches the condusion that, as a result of all this, there cannot be a simple answer to whether language can translate society. In some cases, it will be perfectly possible; in others, the translator will have to adopt a technique which reflects the society he or she is translating for, rather than the society described in the original text.

Resumen: The reading of scientific articles reveals that references to non-scientific cultural elements are numerous in this type of texts, particularly in those published in scientific magazines. Indeed, the integration of new knowedge into existing one is only possible if the reader is able to relate new elements to his or her cultural background or daily experiences: comparisons, examples and metaphors play an important role in this process. Although some of these elements can be automatically transferred when translating into another language, others would hardly be "interpretable" by the reader of the translation, and the translator has to apply mechanisms of adaptation. In this article, my intention is to examine the different mechanisms of adaptation used in a corpus of texts published in American magazines and translated into French, to analyse.the characteristics of the segments which have been adapted and to identify the criteria that might guide the translator in bis or her choices.

Resumen: "The Power of Translation" examines the language phenomenon of translation in the context of power relations and the transcendence of power relations. The thesis of the article can be summarized in point form: Translation is a player in the power structure of human relating from which it cannot be extracted and based on an objective and purely translative ground. Translation, as much as language itself, is a force which results in separation, not in connection. At the same time, the 'tools' (technology, translation, language, eros) which separate us become connective where they retain the capacity of self-subversion and dialogue. Subsequent to this dynamic, we discern the colonizing and eschatological plot inherent in translation. Translation is an 'open' phenomenon, always engaged in creating structures which are both oppressive and liberating. It is this openness which constitutes the power of translation.

Resumen: Implied meaning is not an inherent part of translation, but it is important all the same as no one says everything while speaking. Implied messages are often perceived through shared experiences. To decode and encode an implied cultural meaning calls for a thorough understanding of that culture. The translator should be able to distinguish a consciously implied meaning from an unconscious one. In the former, the locutor passes on the message indirectly but is not ready to accept responsibility for the implied meaning. In the second case, the locutor has no intention to deliberately hide his intentions behind the words. However, this can lead to intercultural communication problems. To my mind, the attitude of a translator to these implied meanings is this: be as faithful as possible to the spirit of the deliberately hidden message, but be more explicit where the implied meaning seems to have been hidden unconsciously. There is however need for caution as the translator cannot be too sure of knowing the attitude of the author all the time.

Resumen: Some translation scholars hold that Jin Di's theory of equivalent effect and Nida's theory of dynamic equivalence are essentialIy same because Jin has basicalIy adopted the definition of Nida's dynamic equivalence in formulating his own translation theory. However, this paper reveals that there are some fundamental differences between the two theories in three aspects: (1) Nida's theory is reader-oriented while Jin's is text-oriented; (2) Nida's theory is flexible while Jin's tends to be inflexible; and (3) Jin's theory is an ideal one in the sense that it cannot be realized in translation practice whereas Nida's theory is a realistic one. Examples from Jin's Chinese version of James Joyce ́s Ulysses and Bible translations are given to illustrate these differences between Nida's theory and Jin's theory. This paper further explores the two major reasons that lead to such discrepancies: (1) the deficiency of Nida's theory in dealing with transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation; (2) the influence of traditional Chinese translation theories upon Jin's translation principie. Although Nida's theory is not restricted to Bible translation, it has some limitations in guiding literary translation because it fails to address the transference of aesthetic elements for literary translation. When Jin translated Joyce's UIysses, he had to face the problem of aesthetic transference ofliterary works. This is the reason why Jin eventualIy turns to traditional Chinese translation theory and classic literary criticism to seek for support for his translation theory of equivalent effect.

Resumen: Babel is a scholarly journal designed primarily for translators, interpreters and terminologists (T&I), yet of interest also for nonspecialist concerned with current issues and events in the field. The scope of Babel is intentional and embraces a multitude of disciplines built on the following pillars: T&I theory, practice, pedagogy, technology, history, sociology, and terminology management. Another important segment of this journal includes articles on the development and evolution of the T&I professions: new disciplines, growth, recognition, Codes of Ethics, protection, and prospects. The creation of Babel was proposed on the initiative of Pierre-François Caillé, founding president of the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs (FIT) and approved by the first FIT Congress of 1954 in Paris. Babel continues to be published for FIT and each issue contains a section dedicated to THE LIFE OF FIT. Articles for Babel are normally published in English or French but we also accept articles in Arabic, Chinese, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish.