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Resumen: Cuanto más se traduce, más se escribe sobre la traducción. Este libro se incorpora, pues, a una larga serie de publicaciones; pero la práctica, la enseñanza y la investigación convencieron a su autora de la necesidad de añadir a esta serie una obra dedicada al proceso de la traducción y a su carácter universal, independientemente de los pares de idiomas o de la obra de un autor particular. Se trata de mostrar que el trabajo de un buen traductor es fundamentalmente el mismo, cualesquiera sean las lenguas y cualquiera sea el texto en cuestión. La investigación del sentido y su reexpresión son el denominador común de todas las traducciones. Todo es interpretación. La traducción no es la excepción. Durante mucho tiempo y con demasiada frecuencia relegada en el desarrollo de las lenguas, la traducción era considerada como un pasaje de palabras o de frases de un idioma a palabras o frases de otro. Ahora bien, el camino que lleva a la correcta traducción supone la interpretación de los textos y recurrir a conocimientos extralingüísticos. El objetivo es que las ideas desarrolladas en este libro no sean solo entendidas en el plano teórico sino que tengan consecuencias en el modo de enseñar la traducción y, por consiguiente, en su práctica. La traducción, del original francés, fue realizada por la Trad. Públ. Beatriz Rodriguez, ex presidenta del CTPCBA y actual directora de la Carrera de Traductor Público de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Resumen: This is a practical and informative guide to all aspects of contracts and the formulation and application of contracts between parties, whether individuals or companies. The following areas are covered: Contracts and the law generally, The impact of European Law, The formation of a contract, the contract as an agreement, privity of contract, implied terms in contracts, misrepresentation, remedies for breach of contract.

Resumen: This volume is a compendium of PACTE Group's experimental research in Translation Competence since 1997. The book is organised in four main parts and also includes eight appendices and a glossary. Part I presents the conceptual and methodological framework of PACTE's Translation Competence research design. Part II focuses on the methodological aspects of the research design and its development: exploratory tests and pilot studies carried out; experiment design; characteristics of the sample population; procedures of data collection and analysis. Part III presents the results obtained in the experiment related to: the Acceptability of the translations produced in the experiment and the six dependent variables of study (Knowledge of Translation; Translation Project; Identification and Solution of Translation Problems; Decision-making; Efficacy of the Translation Process; Use of Instrumental Resources); this part also includes a corpus analysis of the translations. Part IV analyses the translators who were ranked highest in the experiment and goes on to present final conclusions as well as PACTE's perspectives in the field of Translation Competence research.

Resumen: Section I. Some general issues: Paper 1. On the idea of a theory, Paper 2. Shared ground in Translation Studies, Paper 3. What constitutes "progress" in Translation Studies?, Paper 4. Towards consilience?. Section II. Descriptive and prescriptive: Paper 5. The empirical status of prescriptivism, Paper 6. Skopos theory: A retrospective assessment, Paper 7. Catford revisited, Paper 8. The descriptive paradox, or how theory can affect practice. Section III. Causality and explanation: Paper 9. Causes, translations, effects, Paper 10. A causal model for Translation Studies, Paper 11. Semiotic modalities in translation causality, Paper 12. On explanation. Section IV. Norms: Paper 13. From 'is' to 'ought': Laws, norms and strategies in Translation Studies, Paper 14. A note on norms and evidence. Section V. Similarities and differences: Paper 15. On similarity, Paper 16. Problems with strategies, Paper 17. The unbearable lightness of English words. Section VI. Hypotheses: Paper 18. The status of interpretive hypotheses, Paper 19. Reflections on the literal translation hypothesis. Section VII. "Universals": Paper 20. Beyond the particular, Paper 21. What is a unique item?, Paper 22. Kundera's sentence, Paper 23. Universalism in Translation Studies. Section VIII. The sociological turn: Paper 24. Questions in the sociology of translation, Paper 25. The name and nature of Translator Studies, Paper 26. Models of what processes?. Section IX. Translation ethics: Paper 27. Proposal for a Hieronymic Oath, Paper 28. An ethical decision.

Resumen: This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and market potential. The book begins by discussing problems that must be solved during the development of a machine translation system and offering a brief overview of the evolution of the field. It then takes up the history of machine translation in more detail, describing its pre-digital beginnings, rule-based approaches, the 1966 ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) report and its consequences, the advent of parallel corpora, the example-based paradigm, the statistical paradigm, the segment-based approach, the introduction of more linguistic knowledge into the systems, and the latest approaches based on deep learning. Finally, it considers evaluation challenges and the commercial status of the field, including activities by such major players as Google and Systran.