The Esopete ystoriado and the art of translation in late fifteenth-century Spain

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The remarkable success of Heinrich Steinhöwel's bilingual edition of Aesop's fables in Latin accompanied by his own translation into German (Ulm: Johann Zainer, 1476?) inspired printers in other countries with nascent printing industries to capitalize on its success by producing other vernacular translations of Steinhöwel's text. In addition to translations in Low German, Dutch, and Czech, by 1480 Julien Macho, an Augustinian monk in Lyon, had translated and edited a version in French, which in turn served as the basis for William Caxton's 1483 translation into English. Until recently, it was thought that the earliest translation into Spanish appeared in 1488, published in Toulouse by Joan Parix and Estevan Clebat, followed by an edition published in Zaragoza by Johan Hurus in 1489. Since then, however, an incomplete Zaragoza 1482 edition has been located in Pamplona, establishing it as the princeps edition.