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Resumen: La traduction indirecte est un phénomène souvent négligé et sous-estimé dans les études sur la réception en Chine de Victor Hugo, comme celle d’autres écrivains français, longtemps considérée comme de simples échanges bilatéraux entre la Chine et l’Hexagone. À la lumière de la théorie du transfert culturel et notamment de la notion de tiers établies par Michel Espagne, tout en recourant aux outils méthodologiques des recherches sur la traduction indirecte, cet article a pour objectif de révéler le rôle intermédiaire de la Russie soviétique dans la réception de Victor Hugo en Chine et d’éclairer par cet exemple l’importance et le mécanisme de la traduction indirecte. À travers l’analyse des traductions indirectes de Gavroche par le biais de l’URSS, ainsi que grâce à l’examen de l’image romantique de Hugo en Chine imprégnée des théories marxistes soviétisées, il est enfin démontré que la Russie soviétique exerce une influence profonde sur l’institution chinoise de la littérature et qu’elle joue ainsi le rôle décisif de tiers dans la réception chinoise de l’écrivain français, non seulement sur le plan de la circulation et de la traduction, mais également sur celui de l’interprétation. C’est dans cette perspective que l’article propose d’étudier les rencontres linguistiques et culturelles dans la réception littéraire.

Resumen: Despite the fact that translation teaching research has been gaining momentum over the last two decades, little has been written and therefore known about translation assessment in the teaching context. This article reports on a data-based empirical study of translation testing in China. The issues raised in it range from teachers’ attitudes towards testing to its objectives, design, contents, frequency, and its pedagogical roles. It is suggested that more research be done on translation testing, of which the first task is to develop a theoretical framework to provide guidance for translation testing practice and research. It is further recommended that translation testing be made more teaching-oriented and brought closer to the real world of professional translation.

Resumen: This article argues that interpreters are crucial figures in the recording of history. Evidence taken from historical texts in ancient China is used to verify the claim that interpreters' notes might have been used as a reference in composing historical records. By documenting the Tang dynasty (AD 618-907) policy to have interpreters interview foreign envoys and submit the relevant accounts to the Bureau of Historiography, this article provides background for the link between interpreters' interview notes and history compilation in China. Evidence is further drawn from the history of the Sui dynasty (AD 581-618), whereby an interpreter's mediated account of the emperor's conversation with a Japanese envoy was directly adapted. Most interestingly, pictorial and written documents of foreign peoples made in the mid-6th century during the Liang dynasty (AD 502-557) were found to be very similar to the written accounts about these foreign peoples in Liangshu, the history of the Liang dynasty, completed in the early 7th century. Apparently, there is a solid link between the interview accounts and historical accounts about foreign peoples in China. Thus, there is a strong possibility that interpreters' notes, in the form of reports, provide important, if not primary, sources for history compilation in China.