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Resumen: The expression of modal meanings is an area of great complexity in the relationship between form and function in a single language and cross-linguistically. Modal adverbs in particular are considered to be problematic from a contrastive perspective due to their multifunctionality in English (Aijmer 2005). This paper is a corpus-based study of the expression of epistemic possibility by means of three common modal adverbs in English (certainly, probably, possibly) and the translational options chosen in Spanish for expressing those meanings. The aim is to identify trends in the translations of these epistemic adverbs that contribute to a better understanding of the various semantic functions that native speakers attribute to these units. The analysis shows that the omission of modal adverbs in the translations may be considered as an indicator of the degree of grammaticalization attained by these adverbs in English. The results provide useful information not only in the field of translator training and practice, but also in descriptive linguistics.

Resumen: The transfer of offensive and taboo language in subtitling may position translators' choices in a challenging and controversial situation, given the effect that such terms can cause on the audience (Díaz Cintas 2001a). Nowadays, it seems that dealing with this type of language starts to gain more attention in academic circles, as it belongs to colloquial language within a low register, and as such we do speak in diverse manners depending on the context we are in. This paper delves into the way offensive and taboo language has been subtitled into European Spanish. In order to conduct this study, the subtitling of the DVD version of Quentin Tarantino's multilingual film Inglourious Basterds (2009) has been described and analyzed, resorting to a multi-strategy design (Robson 2011) which combines quantitative with qualitative data, under the umbrella of the descriptive translation studies paradigm. Accordingly, the main purpose of this analysis is to determine any regularities in the way in which offensive and taboo language has been dealt with in this particular case study, considering the technological restrictions of subtitling as well as the translational strategies employed. Thus, this study aims to shed some light on the way this type of language has been transferred on the screen.

Resumen: "Cine independiente y traducción" es el ensayo, resultado de un proyecto de investigación centrado en el cine independiente (de autor) americano, abordado desde la óptica de su traducción al español en las modalidades más utilizadas de la traducción audiovisual; el doblaje y la subtitulación. La obra analiza la forma de traducir (el "Método de traducción") en cinco películas independientes americanas realizadas entre los años 2001 y 2003, como el resultado del proceso de la búsqueda de soluciones ante los problemas que su traducción plantea. El método de traducción observado puede variar dependiendo de la modalidad de traducción elegida, ya que se obtiene un producto que en ocasiones puede llegar a parecer diferente. Este libro esta dirigido a estudiantes, investigadores y a todos los lectores interesados en el cine independiente y su traducción.