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Resumen: La convergencia y la simplificación son dos de los llamados universales en los estudios de traducción. El primero postula que los textos traducidos tienden a ser más similares que los textos no traducidos. El segundo sostiene que los textos traducidos son más simples y fáciles de entender que los no traducidos. Este trabajo analiza los resultados de un proyecto que aplica técnicas de programación neurolingüística en córpora comparables de textos traducidos y no traducidos en español, con el fin de determinar la validez de estos dos universales.

Resumen: Cet article se propose d'identifier les textes et les domaines que les traducteurs professionnels espagnol-français et français-espagnol traduisent habituellement. Tout d'abord, nous examinons brièvement quelques travaux portant sur la traduction professionnelle ainsi que des études relatives à la traduction économique en espagnol et en français. Bien que ces travaux nous permettent de savoir, par exemple, quels documents ou domaines certains formateurs de traducteurs proposent à leurs étudiants de traduction économique, ou la place qu'occupe ce type de traduction aux côtés d'autres spécialités comme la traduction juridique, la traduction technique ou la traduction littéraire, ils ne nous permettent cependant pas de discerner la réalité professionnelle du marché espagnol. Après avoir présenté l'enquête que nous avons menée afin de connaître de plus près la réalité de la traduction économique en français et en espagnol, nous décrivons le profil des traducteurs ayant répondu à l'enquête pour identifier finalement les textes et les domaines le plus fréquemment traduits. Les résultats montrent des différences quant aux textes et aux domaines, et aussi quant aux combinaisons linguistiques. Ainsi, ces résultats pourront non seulement aider les formateurs de traducteurs économiques à concevoir leurs programmes ou modules spécialisés mais aussi à poursuivre la recherche sur l'analyse contrastive de genres textuels de l'économie

Resumen: Los estudios actuales de traducción, de inspiración posmodernista, cada vez más, vienen dejando de lado las reflexiones que parten de principios descriptivos y sistemáticos sobre el lenguaje provenientes de la lingüística. Han comenzado a surgir nuevos enfoques sobre el lenguaje humano relacionados principalmente con la traducción, la lectura y la interpretación, posibilitando que se produzca un viraje significativo en la reflexión sobre el papel del traductor y del lector. En este trabajo, discuto y trato de mostrar la contribución del traductor en tanto que sujeto interferente en el lenguaje como transformador y productor de significados, en tanto que interfiere e interviene en las lenguas implicadas en la traducción.

Resumen: El autor cuenta su primer acercamiento a la literatura de Nuria Amat, escritora catalana, a través de las páginas del Times Literary Supplement. Analiza e a la autora a través de la tradución de sus obras y se detiene en el análisis de sus "Poemas impuros".

Resumen: The transfer of offensive and taboo language in subtitling may position translators' choices in a challenging and controversial situation, given the effect that such terms can cause on the audience (Díaz Cintas 2001a). Nowadays, it seems that dealing with this type of language starts to gain more attention in academic circles, as it belongs to colloquial language within a low register, and as such we do speak in diverse manners depending on the context we are in. This paper delves into the way offensive and taboo language has been subtitled into European Spanish. In order to conduct this study, the subtitling of the DVD version of Quentin Tarantino's multilingual film Inglourious Basterds (2009) has been described and analyzed, resorting to a multi-strategy design (Robson 2011) which combines quantitative with qualitative data, under the umbrella of the descriptive translation studies paradigm. Accordingly, the main purpose of this analysis is to determine any regularities in the way in which offensive and taboo language has been dealt with in this particular case study, considering the technological restrictions of subtitling as well as the translational strategies employed. Thus, this study aims to shed some light on the way this type of language has been transferred on the screen.

Resumen: Phraseological Units rank high among the most complex linguistic segments for translators, whether because of their figurative nature, their culturally specific meaning or their pragmatic peculiarities. Such difficulties increase exponentially when PUs are expressed in a multimodal fictional environment, especially if the situated meaning of the unit relies on visual elements for its correct interpretation: the so-called visual phraseological units (PUs). In these cases, the literal wording of a PU is portrayed physically, thus making both the phraseological and literal meanings overlap. These visual PUs have progressively become a common device in TV programs such as sitcoms and cartoon series - this paper, in particular, uses the case-study of the well-known American cartoon series The Simpsons. However, their ubiquity has not triggered a comparable scholarly response, either from the field of phraseology or from that of translation studies, with some notable exceptions. The combination of a limited theoretical framework and the inherent traductological obstacles these units pose accounts for the poor or, at times, non-existent solutions when it comes to rendering them in other languages. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the felicity of the Spanish translations of visual PUs appearing in The Simpsons. Some tentative traductological solutions will also be provided alongside the inevitable shortcomings of the target language versions, in an attempt to provide practical ground with which to foster further research on the question.

Resumen: La traducción de un texto literario escrito por un autor tan consciente del discurso como lo era Borges, requiere por parte del traductor un análisis especialmente riguroso de ese texto y de los procesos implicados en su lectura. La traducción de "Las ruinas circulares" por James Irby es una lograda versión del original centrada en el texto, aunque su decisión de no hacer una traducción centrada en el lector es contraria al propósito comunicativo perseguido por Borges en el original. Esto se pone de manifiesto gracias al uso de herramientas proporcionadas por el análisis del discurso en la realización de este ejercicio de crítica de traducción.

Resumen: This paper describes how mediation in translation is realized by means of inclusion and exclusion of information at the selection stage and discursive deviations at the presentation stage in the process of target text production. It discusses the effect of mediation in relation to two types of the target text recipients, one is termed professional readers representing the censoring authorities and the other the intended reading public, and their respective socio-cultural backgrounds. Our argument in this paper is that an investigation of translation from the perspective of mediation helps reveal the power struggle underlying the translation process. The detailed description of the textual realization of mediation, in particular, helps create an awareness of the various ways the target text producer may take to mediate the translation process to achieve a compromise between the author's interests and the professional readers' political concerns so as to get the translation published.

Resumen: The present contribution aims at a comparative study of the Spanish retranslations of the French classic Le Grand Meaulnes. With the objective of identifying macro and micro-structural variations among the various retranslations, a parallel corpus is compiled, the source-text and the various translations are aligned and imported into a translation memory which allows for a targeted analysis of specific linguistic elements. The results obtained from the corpus analysis show that, despite their differences the retranslations display a relative homogeneity, in so far as they are largely source-text oriented and foreignizing. Relative homogeneity notwithstanding, differences can be observed between twentieth century-translations and those carried out in the twenty-first-century. The translators of the latter take a specific approach to translating the novel, either as a literary critic or by taking a critical stance towards a more assimilative approach adopted in an earlier translation.

Resumen: Traducir un texto no significa siempre saber traducir y, menos aún, traducirlo bien. Dice Norbert Bilbeny que "una profesión no es un simple hacer, sino un saber hacer que implica el sentido y la utilidad de lo que se hace". La traducción es una indiscutible y apasionante experiencia intelectual, cuyo valor reside en que el contenido del texto sea y no parezca. Y para que sea, el traductor sabe que una coma o una preposición bien puestas también significan defender la verdad del mensaje. Nadie ha hablado aún del virtuosismo de un traductor, y hay que hacerlo, pues no solo es virtuoso el que domina un instrumento musical, lo es también, quien se esmera en dominar el arte de la escritura y lo logra. El traductor profesional, es decir, el que ejerce su tarea con auténtica vocación y con relevante capacidad, debe aspirar a ser un virtuoso y con esa aspiración se perfeccionará día tras día concediendo privilegio al uso correcto de las palabras.

Resumen: It is a well-known fact that translated texts present a number of peculiarities which distinguish its language from the one found in texts produced originally. Many studies have tried to name some of these phenomena, which are usually grouped together under the umbrella term of 'translation universals'. It has been demonstrated that translations do share a number of features irrespective of the source or target languages involved. Other divergences between original and translated texts are due to source language interference and are, therefore, language-dependent. This paper is a corpus-based study of several highly frequent Spanish adjectives in original texts and in texts translated from English. The unmarked position of attributive adjectives is the pre-modifying one in English and the post-modifying one in Spanish, though. Spanish also allows for the pre-modifying position with certain connotations. The aim of this study is to identify differences in behavioral patterns with respect to adjective position in original and translated Spanish and explain these differences in terms of translation universals and/or source language interference. The results have revealed cases of simplification, unique item under-representation and untypical collocations in Spanish translations of English source texts.