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Resumen: "This presentation aims at showing the similarities and differences between translating and interpreting. From the viewpoint of the Interpretive Theory of Translation, developed at the ESIT (University of Paris III - Sorbonne Nouvelle), it shows that while sharing a common theoretical foundation, the two processes have different operational constraints. Important implications for translator and interpreter training resulting from these operational differences will then discussed"!.

Resumen: This topic may seem a rather strange topic to introduce into the context of this congress, however, I believe that the issue deserves an airing, if for no other reason that its discussion raises issues of professionalism, competence and training; issues which are central to this congress. Before tackling the question of outlining what is meant by specialization, I would like to indícate the reason that I have chosen to talk about his topic from a "liaison interpreting perspective". I believe that this perspective, as one of the most recent perspectives in the work of an interpreter which have been developed, pro vides some useful insights into the reasons and the process of Specialisation. I would like to proceed by firstly outlining what I mean by specialization or better still what I believe is meant by specialization when interpreters and translators talk about it, then to give a brief account of the kinds of labels which have been used in the profession to deal with this phenomenon. I will then discuss it in relation to perceived competence, political and social imperatives and finally in relation to professional concerns.

Resumen: "In writing some year ago about translating as an «ethnolinguistic endeavor» I may have been one of the first to speak about the broad cultural factors of interlingual communications, but I failed at that time to realize the full implications of sociolinguistics as a crucial factors in all translating and interpreting. I also mistakenly described translating to the Linguistic Society of America as a «comparative linguistic undertaking», entirely too narrow a view. It is true that in all translating and interpreting the source and target languages must be implicity or explicitly compared, but all such interlingual communication extend far beyon the mechanics of linguistic similarities and contrasts. In order to appreciate fully the role of sociolinguistics in translating and interpreting, it is essential to recognize two basic realities".

Resumen: Resultados del Proyecto de Investigación de Maestría realizado en 2012 en la London Metropolitan University de Londres. Dicho trabajo se enfocó en un reto específico que plantea la dirección EN>ES (inglés al español) en la interpretación simultánea (IS): la premodificación extensa del sintagma nominal (PESN).

Resumen: El plan de estudios de la EUTI de Granada, vigente desde 1980, ha dado lugar a una situación poco idónea, desde un punto de vista pedagógico y profesional, para un desarrollo adecuado de los estudios de traducción e interpretación, ya sea por la "forma" de seleccionar a los estudiantes, como por las "aptitudes" personales de éstos a la hora de optar por una determinada especialidad.

Resumen: There were higs scores all round for am anglo-french venture, but nil points for a sportswear firm which had taken its eye off the ball, reports Chris Durban

Resumen: This paper aims to look closely at the achievement of coherence in interpreting through the prism of metadiscourse, a set of grammatical resources instrumental in organizing a discourse, guiding the recipients towards an author/speaker's preferred interpretation while taking account of their needs and expectation. Despite a general consensus on the role of the umbrella term, opinions vary on what falls under it. Further, while the conception sets an illuminating framework for empirical endeavors to delve into the way in which meaning is negotiated and represented at discoursal level, its discussion is often confined to the analysis of written text in specific genre (e.g. academic treatise), leaving its role in oral discourse scarcely explored. In this paper, we propose an adapted taxonomy for the analysis of devices as such in interpretation and relate them to the building of coherence in interpreted events. Qualitative analysis of instances from real-life situations is then presented to show that successful communication in interpreting does not only come as a result of rendering the propositional message, but also involves a process of skillfully managing various metadiscoursal devices in reconstructing intertextual and intratextual conherences, both of which serve the same communicative goal with neither enjoying precedence over the other. The proposed taxonomy of metadiscourse may have some pedagogical and practical implications.

Resumen: This paper aims to look closely at the achievement of coherence in interpreting through the prism of metadiscourse, a set of grammatical resources instrumental in organizing a discourse, guiding the recipients towards an author/speaker's preferred interpretation while taking account of their needs and expectation. Despite a general consensus on the role of the umbrella term, opinions vary on what falls under it. Further, while the conception sets an illuminating framework for empirical endeavors to delve into the way in which meaning is negotiated and represented at discoursal level, its discussion is often confined to the analysis of written text in specific genre (e.g. academic treatise), leaving its role in oral discourse scarcely explored. In this paper, we propose an adapted taxonomy for the analysis of devices as such in interpretation and relate them to the building of coherence in interpreted events. Qualitative analysis of instances from real-life situations is then presented to show that successful communication in interpreting does not only come as a result of rendering the propositional message, but also involves a process of skillfully managing various metadiscoursal devices in reconstructing intertextual and intratextual conherences, both of which serve the same communicative goal with neither enjoying precedence over the other. The proposed taxonomy of metadiscourse may have some pedagogical and practical implications.

Resumen: The Interpretive Theory of Translation has been produced by the Paris School (i.e. researchers of the Ecole Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs -ESIT- at Université Paris III- Sorbonne Nouvelle). I shall give there only a brief outline of that theory. For closer scrutiny, interested readers will kindly refer to the list of relevant literature appended. Translating will be accepted by everyone as meaning understanding a text and rewording that understanding in a different language. Theoretically, translating requires a fautless command of the source and target languages, a deep insight into the subject matter dealt with in the text and a correct methodology to carry out the translating process.

Resumen: Here are a few things to keep in mind if you are ever contacted to interpret at a deposition.

Resumen: In most spiritual gatherings in Southwest Nigeria, as observed today, preaching is in English or in Yoruba and then interpreted in Yoruba or English. English is an official language in Nigeria and Yoruba is the local language in most of the Southwest of the country. Most people are to some extent bilingual. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of the interpretation carried out in those spiritual gatherings. Questionnaires were administered. Data were collated and analyzed. A total of 39 respondents (78 percent ) were satisfied with the output of the interpretation from English to Yoruba while only 48 percent were satisfied with the interpretation from Yoruba to English. The study concludes that interpretation from English to Yoruba is being handled better and more training be given to those interpreting from Yoruba to English.

Resumen: Translation and interpreting are not only linguistic activities, but also to a large extent primarily activities of cultural transfer. Transcultural communication displays complexity, diversity and readiness for conflict in communicative interaction, so the interpreter/translator, as an intercultural mediator, is assigned a special communicative role in this regard. This article examines how interpreters at the European Parliament deal with controversial language rendering evaluative components of political statements as well as whether there is a rise in stress-related disfluencies in the interpretation of such statements and whether intonation (dis)similarities between the source text and the interpretations occur in the context of cultural and lexical know-how. Seven excerpts from four sessions of the European Parliament in the last six years and their interpretations into Croatian, Slovene, English, French and German were analysed from the point of view of stress and culture. Deviations in pitch and intensity levels of both the speaker and the interpreters were calculated and statistically compared in the light of differing cultural know-how. The intonation results for these interpreting examples showed that all the interpreters followed the speaker's pitch deviations to a certain extent. Analysis of politically-controversial statements also revealed that more than 80 o/ of the interpretations selected contained stress-related disfluencies and almost 70 o/ contained some form of discrepancy with the source text at a lexical level. The interpretations therefore largely contained fewer negative evaluative components of controversial language than the speakers in the European Parliament.

Resumen: This paper, with an eye to the interpersonal component in translational activities, adopts a systemic functional approach to the examination and comparison of modal patterns in interpreted and translated discourses of Chinese Premier's press conferences and his reports on the work of the government from 2008 to 2012. Following a comprehensive analysis of modality in terms of type, orientation and value, the study shows that, despite their differences in translational mode (i.e. written and spoken) and temporal constraint (i.e. prepared and impromptu), interpreted and translated diplomatic discourses share some common trends in modal distribution. In particular, the massive use of modulation and the favorite collocation of first person pronouns with volitive modal verbs such as will are classic in discourses as such. Additionally, only a minimal number of low-valued modality is used in both translation and interpretation. Given the political sensitivity and policy orientation of diplomatic translation and the institutional identity of diplomatic translators, it is argued that an effective manipulation of modality is essential to their fulfillment of the capacity of "policy endorsers" in reproducing interpersonal connotations embedded in the source language. The paper may also shed some light on the research on translator/interpreters' role.

Resumen: Recent research on liaison interpreting shows that the interpreters' role in communicative events includes language facilitator and intercultural mediator. Being empowered with more coordinating functions rather than regarded as invisible conduits, however, how do interpreters with different professional experiences perceive their own role in business settings? And what are the actual expectations on them from their clients? This paper tries to answer the questions through a questionnaire-based survey of three groups of respondents: professional interpreters, student interpreters and clients, with each group including 30 respondents. Chesterman's (2001) four models of ethics, together with the hypothetical no ethics model, were designed as answers to the questionnaire (17 closed questions) and translation versions to two interpreting samples. The frequencies of responses to the questions and the evaluation scores of the translation versions are collected and analyzed, revealing the following findings: All three groups acknowledge the constraints translation ethics place on the freedom of action; and all three groups agree that interpreters simultaneously shoulder the tasks of translating and coordinating, with the "ethics of communication" being the most widely acknowledged one. However, there are discrepancies between and within the groups, and even attitudinal inconsistencies and contradictions in individual participants. These findings, by re-describing the interpreter's power in interlingual and intercultural interactions, will help improve professional standards and interpreting training.

Resumen: In this article, we report on an empirical study conducted to evaluate the utility of analytic rubric scoring (ARS) vis-à-vis comparative judgment (CJ) as two approaches to assessing spoken-language interpreting. The primary motivation behind the study is that the potential advantages of CJ may make it a promising alternative to ARS. When conducting CJ on interpreting, judges need to compare two renditions and decide which one is of higher quality. Such binary decisions are then modeled statistically to produce a scaled rank order of the renditions from “worst” to “best.” We set up an experiment in which two groups of raters/judges of varying scoring expertise applied both CJ and ARS to assess 40 samples of English-Chinese consecutive interpreting. Our analysis of quantitative data suggests that overall ARS outperformed CJ in terms of validity, reliability, practicality and acceptability. Qualitative questionnaire data helped us obtain insights into the judges’/raters’ perceived advantages and disadvantages of CJ and ARS. Based on the findings, we tried to account for CJ’s underperformance vis-à-vis ARS, focusing on the specificities of interpreting assessment. We also propose potential avenues for future research to improve our understanding of interpreting assessment.

Resumen: El siguiente artículo tiene como finalidad presentar las diferentes teorías sobre el análisis de la entonación del inglés que les son de gran utilidad a los estudiantes de las carreras universitarias afines a este idioma. Este trabajo recorre los aspectos fundamentales del estudio de la entonación y ofrece ejemplos claros para que se puedan apreciar sus funciones en el contexto discursivo. Asimismo, el propósito del artículo es proveer de herramientas a los futuros traductores e intérpretes que los puedan ayudar a entender la forma en la que el lenguaje funciona en una manera comunicativa y de interacción. Para lograrlo, se debe tener en cuenta no sólo las palabras y los enunciados sino también las intenciones, las actitudes y los significados pragmáticos que van más allá de los aspectos lexicales y estructurales. Ser capaces de entender las funciones y los usos de la entonación del idioma inglés es de vital importancia para que los futuros profesionales decodifiquen los significados de sus interlocutores y, a su vez, les otorgue herramientas para que ellos mismos se comuniquen en el idioma extranjero de una manera precisa, clara, inteligible y comunicativa.