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Resumen: El filólogo clásico, como cualquier traductor, se enfrenta innumerables veces con la tarea de traducir e interpretar ciertos términos que resisten su mera búsqueda en un diccionario especializado, sino más bien se necesita de una labor metódica que incluye tanto estudios históricos y antropológicos como el cotejo de fuentes específicas. ¿Qué sucede cuando nos encontramos con dicho término en textos que resultaron ser las fuentes del concepto, es decir, nos enfrentamos a sus primeras apariciones en la lengua a traducir? Resulta indispensable reflexionar sobre los supuestos que puede invocar el término y las relaciones que se establecen entre estos supuestos y las definiciones que circulaban entre los autores contemporáneos al texto a traducir. El presente trabajo expone las diferentes etapas que un filólogo debe transcurrir para intentar hacer una traducción certera de términos complejos que encierran un centenar de supuestos e interpretaciones. Con este objetivo, se estudia el término religio para traducirlo en Eneida , un texto escrito entre los años 29 y 19 a.C por el poeta romano Virgilio.

Resumen: "La traductología o ciencia de la traducción, tambien llamada traslación o translémica, según las vertientes teóricas de que se nutre, comienza a perfilarse como disciplina autónoma simultáneamente al llamado giro linguístico. Tiene su origen en los estudios literarios y culturales constactivos y en la linguística, para luego tomar vuelo, a pesar de ella. Esta nueva disciplina enriquece el mundo del conocimiento en virtud de una concepción culturalista,esto es, concibe la Traducción como contacto y contraste de lenguas-cultura. El presente volumen da cuenta de un grupo de artículos, comunicaciones, ponencias, descripciones de proyectos de investigación en marcha y de prácticas didácticas que transitan por el universo de la traducción a través de lenguas diversas".

Resumen: La terminología es una herramienta fundamental para asegurar la coherencia, la estandarización y la calidad de las traducciones. En contextos multiculturales y en situaciones internacionales delicadas, además de su función tradicional de mantener la neutralidad del idioma, estandarizar los términos de uso frecuente e incorporar neologismos, las instituciones se ven obligadas a responder a los desafíos derivados de acontecimientos políticos y situaciones contenciosas. El propósito de este trabajo es explicar la manera en que las Naciones Unidas responden a estas necesidades mediante la exposición de casos prácticos desde una perspectiva histórica.

Resumen: For political and military considerations, English has become an international language used in all aspects of life: the language of advanced science, the internet, and business communication. Both English and Arabic are two of the official languages used in the United Nations for meetings, discussions, negotiation and documentation. The above mentioned fields might be free of culture and religion because the language of science, for instance, is direct and the action is the most important element of meaning which is more important than the doer. Obviously, the same thing is applicable on the language of business or stock markets in London, New York and Dubai. But when it comes to the language of politics and mass media which processes politics, the linguistic situation becomes different due to the excessive use of cultural and religious metaphors and religious terminologies deep-rooted in most classical and modern languages like Arabic which is the language of the holy Koran followed by one billion and half people. This number is expected to rise sharply due to the high birth rate in the Muslim World as this is recommended by Islamic teachings. This means that Arabic will increasingly spoken by a large number of people worldwide. The misinterpretation of certain Arabic, political and religious terminologies results in communicative problems for politicians and journalists who could be native speakers of Arabic or English. For the purpose of investigating this communicative problem, we collected data from 10 journalists who were Arab, British and American. They were chosen randomly and asked about the terrorism connotations of frequently used Arabic terms in mass media like: islamist, martyr, strugglers, Jihad: holy war, sacrifice, Martyr operation, guerillas, etc. Those religious, political and conceptually loaded words were described, classified and codified as the most terrorism words and the most problematic words for western journalists and/or politicians. The study has revealed that they are so because they seem to represent a linguistic interface and a big aggressive concept as seen by western journalists. On top of that, they are loaded with culturally bound connotations, images and signals. On the contrary, the Arab journalists did not see these words in the way of their western colleagues did.

Resumen: The implementation of the American neoliberal model in Chile four decades ago, in addition to the nation's participation in the globalized world, has led to significant changes in society. In fact, the effects of the adoption of that paradigm are evident in a wide variety of areas, including that of the use of the language. For this reason, it is of interest for linguists and translators to do research on the influence of the English language and American culture on Chilean society. For this reason, the objectives of this study were to verify the presence of English loanwords in the written press in order to describe them, determine their type and token frequency and patterns of use, and infer the causes of their adoption in Spanish.

Resumen: The main purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the English-Chinese translated financial terms of Mainland China and Hong Kong in light of the necessary criteria for special communication terminology, and explore the feasibility of standardisation. Some distinctive linguistic properties and translation methods of the two regions' Chinese financial terminology will be illustrated based on data from an industry glossary and major bank annual reports. The present situation is that Mainland China and Hong Kong display both similarities and differences in their Chinese translation of financial terms. With the increasing contact since the 1997 handover, the two regions appear to have been influencing each other, especially in that Mainland China has been adopting Hong Kong's Chinese translations. In view of the fact that some translation scholars and practitioners advocate the standardisation of Chinese financial terminology in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan for the sake of better economic development, this paper outlines the main properties of the two regions' terminologies and evaluates how such standardisation might possibly proceed. Limited research has been done with regard to the translation of Chinese financial terminology and this exploratory study will fill that gap and attract similar studies in the translation and terminology fields.

Resumen: No matter how short or long, any questionnaire developed in one part of the world to be used in another part may carry linguistic, cultural, and conceptual features that present challenges when translated into another language.

Resumen: With over 200 contributions by authors from some 50 countries in the form of lectures, panel discussions, poster presentations and seminars, the content of the XXth FIT World Congress reflects the full range of development of the globalized language profession. It covers a wide area, from high-tech topics related to day-to-day work such as post-editing of machine translations or working in the cloud, through quality assurance standards to various aspects of the qualities required for the job. Presentations on aspects of daily work, didactic models and case studies illustrate the global professional reality of translators, interpreters and terminologists in the second decade of the 21st century and suggest approaches to the problems of tomorrow. What will the work of translators, interpreters and terminologists look like in future? What challenges will they have to face? How will national markets and the international market for these services change? These volumes, which contain most of the presentations from the XXth FIT World Congress, document a host of interesting responses and provide material for a range of further discussions.