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Resumen: Language varies depending not only on the individual speaker but also on the specific situation in which speakers find themselves. This means that the language used in a given social environment may be perfectly translatable into a different language, but the society to which this other language belongs may not recognise the situation described by the first language. This article presents some examples of cultural values which cannot be translated literally (or which, if translated literally, will convey a message not intended in the original language/culture) and reaches the condusion that, as a result of all this, there cannot be a simple answer to whether language can translate society. In some cases, it will be perfectly possible; in others, the translator will have to adopt a technique which reflects the society he or she is translating for, rather than the society described in the original text.

Resumen: The reading of scientific articles reveals that references to non-scientific cultural elements are numerous in this type of texts, particularly in those published in scientific magazines. Indeed, the integration of new knowedge into existing one is only possible if the reader is able to relate new elements to his or her cultural background or daily experiences: comparisons, examples and metaphors play an important role in this process. Although some of these elements can be automatically transferred when translating into another language, others would hardly be "interpretable" by the reader of the translation, and the translator has to apply mechanisms of adaptation. In this article, my intention is to examine the different mechanisms of adaptation used in a corpus of texts published in American magazines and translated into French, to analyse.the characteristics of the segments which have been adapted and to identify the criteria that might guide the translator in bis or her choices.

Resumen: Este libro recoge los trabajos presentados en el curso "La traducción en un mundo global-. Aspectos lexicográficos, terminológicos y cognitivos" en 2005. En líneas generales puede afirmarse que los ponentes del curso estructuraron sus conferencias en torno a una idea general -la traducción es un desafío en el mundo global en el que vivimos- que obliga al traductor a enfrentarse a la misma desde dos puntos de vista complementarios: a) la traducción es una actividad práctica que descansa en un ejercicio continuo b) la traducción es una actividad académica que puede beneficiarse del conocimiento compartido.

Resumen: "Durante el fin del siglo XX se pudo observar un marcado interés en la literatura de minorías. Se comenzó a leer a otras voces de orígenes variados y eclécticos. La literatura del post- colonialismo, la literatura negra, la literatura gay o la chicana son sólo algunos ejemplos de textos en los que los lectores han depositado su interés. La traducción literaria de estas obras presenta la dificultad de encontrar equivalencias culturales en la lengua de llegada".

Resumen: In my former life as a library director, unions were a bane and an anathema, but this was probably because I was "management" and the staff union was seen as "the adversary". Now that I work as a freelancer, the distinction between the two is decidedly blurred. May tecent trip to Italy provided me witch the opportunity to rethink the utiluly of union membership for a freelance literary tanslator...The endorsement of culture is an important element in Italy that is indicative of a way of life that values civilization, education, and tradition...

Resumen: "El objetivo de este trabajo, es analizar una serie de aspectos clave de Rayuela en cuanto a su estilo y léxico y la manera en que Rabassa los transladó en su versión al inglés".

Resumen: his paper argues that since in general, it is inadvisable for translation to disregard the possible unintelligibility of the text, a web of significance or signification must be reproduced irrespective of seemingly insurmountable translation difficulties. Interpretation is related to the issues of cultural translation and (un)translatability in cultural terms, necessitating a clutch of interpretative modes prior to the effective formulation of appropriate translation strategies. Temporal and cultural gaps tend to create difficulties in interpretation, and cultural pluralism may lead to multiple, hence different, interpretations. Principally because of translation, we have progressed into the age of multiculturalism, and it is not just that the necessity of acculturation seems to be diminishing, but there is a real desire to spurn it. Foreignization is a political issue. Accordingly, the tensions of ideological incommensurability need to be dissipated in order to facilitate cross-cultural understanding and communication. A degree of ideological pluralism permits cultural diversity distinctively marked by tolerance of difference and attempts to reduce an underlying distrust of the foreign. Multiculturalism, however, by no means denotes the demise of ideology. In spite of its ostensible theoretical naivety, intentionalism has some serious implications for the translator, who may ignore at his/her own peril, for instance, the complex ideological consciousness that informs not only the source text but also the resulting target text. If we say that both the author and the reader are responsible for context or its construction, then the translator must play the double role of reader and author in the sense of (re)constructing context. While we interpret with many aims, the act of interpretation is culturally and ideologically conditioned, and the ensuing complicated remapping is such that translation is always somewhat adrift

Resumen: En este artículo, el docente y traductor ítalo suizo se refiere a los avatares a los que se somete la lengua italiana en distintos escenarios. Aunque sea único, el idioma se debe adaptar a los cambios que le impone la cultura en la que se habla, como ocurre en Suiza. Ciudadano italiano y suizo, su lengua madre es el italiano y las lenguas meta alemán, francés e inglés. Es abogado, docente de derecho italiano y traductor de cuestiones económicas y jurídicas.

Resumen: Implied meaning is not an inherent part of translation, but it is important all the same as no one says everything while speaking. Implied messages are often perceived through shared experiences. To decode and encode an implied cultural meaning calls for a thorough understanding of that culture. The translator should be able to distinguish a consciously implied meaning from an unconscious one. In the former, the locutor passes on the message indirectly but is not ready to accept responsibility for the implied meaning. In the second case, the locutor has no intention to deliberately hide his intentions behind the words. However, this can lead to intercultural communication problems. To my mind, the attitude of a translator to these implied meanings is this: be as faithful as possible to the spirit of the deliberately hidden message, but be more explicit where the implied meaning seems to have been hidden unconsciously. There is however need for caution as the translator cannot be too sure of knowing the attitude of the author all the time.

Resumen: Esta monografía colectiva pretende hacer un balance de los logros y retos pendientes del denominado «Giro cultural de la Traducción» y dar cuenta de su influencia, como paradigma de referencia, en el desarrollo reciente de los Estudios de Traducción a escala internacional. Este acercamiento crítico al presente y futuro del «Giro cultural de la Traducción», desde una perspectiva «cultural» o «culturalista», se realiza de la mano de un grupo de teóricos y teóricas de la traducción que son representativos de diversos enfoques (traductológicos) y/o lenguas de trabajo.

Resumen: This paper reviews the criticism of J. P. Clark's Ijo-English translation The Ozidi Saga and observes that no adequate investigation has been made of this work from a linguistic angle. It notes that culture-bound concepts constitute a problematic area in Clark's translation as a result of the difference in the culture sub-systems between Ijo and English. Specifically, elements of Ijo culture, namely natural objects, marriage system and maternity, art and dance, kinship terms and the notion of God have been inconsistently and sometimes unfaithfully translated as a result of the adoption of free translation. This gives a confusing or inaccurate impression of certain Ijo cultural traits to the reader of the English texto The paper recommends that culture-bound concepts can hardly be represented adequately through free translation and proposes that such concepts should either be left untranslated as loan words into the target language or given literal or loan translations and then be paraphrased in glossaries or annotations.

Resumen: El libro se asienta sobre dos claros principios. El primero sostiene que las teorías traductológicas son valiosas herramientas para fomentar y consolidar el aprendizaje de los alumnos en la clase de traducción. El segundo defiende que la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la tarea de traducir se beneficia de un alejamiento de dicotomías simplificadoras e integrismos excluyentes y, al mismo tiempo, propone que el camino más enriquecedor para trasladar conocimientos y vivencias sobre la práctica traductora es siempre crítico, integrador e híbrido.