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Resumen: This paper reviews the criticism of J. P. Clark's Ijo-English translation The Ozidi Saga and observes that no adequate investigation has been made of this work from a linguistic angle. It notes that culture-bound concepts constitute a problematic area in Clark's translation as a result of the difference in the culture sub-systems between Ijo and English. Specifically, elements of Ijo culture, namely natural objects, marriage system and maternity, art and dance, kinship terms and the notion of God have been inconsistently and sometimes unfaithfully translated as a result of the adoption of free translation. This gives a confusing or inaccurate impression of certain Ijo cultural traits to the reader of the English texto The paper recommends that culture-bound concepts can hardly be represented adequately through free translation and proposes that such concepts should either be left untranslated as loan words into the target language or given literal or loan translations and then be paraphrased in glossaries or annotations.

Resumen: Cette année 2007 l' Index translationum, bibliographie internationale de la traduction, Célebre son 75o anniversaire. Créé au moment de la montée des nationalismes en Europe pour mettre en valeur, a contre-courant, la traduction en tant que pratique de partage transnational, l'Index est devenu, au cours de sa longue histoire, un outil inégalé d'information culturelle, d'analyse des échanges et de normalisation dans le domaine de la bibliographie et de la translittération.

Resumen: Omission in a translation is often referred to as if it were invariably a weakness, regarded as the last resort for incompetent translators; and this paper begins by illustrating some contexts where omissions do indeed constitute serious flaws in a translation. However, it goes on to argue that there are a number of circumstances when omission may be judged a valid and useful solution to a translation problem. For instance, omission may be a justi1iable way of dealing with certain elements which are found to be untranslatable, such as metalinguistic references, contextspecific or culture-specific content. It may also be judged an adequate strategy for dealing with content which is perceived as unacceptable to the target audience, and whose presence in the target text will therefore have negative effects on the way it is received by this audience. Thirdly, it may be resorted to when an inclusive translation will yield effects very different from those sought after in the original, for instance producing an effect of exoticism instead of familiarity, or one of obscurity instead ofbanality. Finally, translators may be justi1ied in omitting what would be perceived as unnecessary or redundant by the target audience. The paper brings examples from a variety of text types to illustrate these possibilities. However, it is emphasised that omission should always be the result of a process of reasoning and reflection rather than an escapist solution.

Resumen: This study aims at investigating the nature and scope of the problems that Arab learners encounter in translating English metaphorical expressions into Arabic using English-Arabic dictionaries. The strategies involved in translating English metaphors into Arabic have been identified and described. The study also aims at determining the extent to which English-Arabic dictionaries are helpful to.learners in translating English metaphors. The findings of the study reveal that learners resort to a number of strategies induding finding the idiomatic translation equivalents, literal translation, interpretation and guessing. Bilingual dictionaries have been found to be a potential source of error for learners. These dictionaries offer inadequate help to translators in terms of providing equivalents to metaphorical expressions.

Resumen: Tranlation activity- and associations, and fees, and fees, and courses, and events - has tradicionally been classified through a horizontal (extensive) criteria in general and specialised translation, and the latter has been likewise subdivided into new modalities of translation, according to different criteria. These criteria have been horizontal (extensive) (subject matter ofthe texts: scientrnc, technical, legal, economic... translation). A third approach to classifying translation is through the concept of text genre. A thorough examination of these categories in the light of what we know about translation today shows that all of them have been borrowed from other fields (knowledge science, LSP, text studies...) and applied to linguistic mediation regardless of the communicative and non -descriptive nature of our field. This mechanical borrowing produces strong discrepancies between what we learn about translation in theory and what we learn about translation in practice. General translation is a concept without correspondence in professional reality; the perception of the grade of specialization of a message has a powerful subjective component; also being strongly subjective the perception of the belonging of a text to a particular gender. As to assigning an only and clear-cut category to the translation of a text according to its subject matter, it is an excessive simplification. Clear-cut frontiers between subject matters of the text or between general and specialized communication simply do not exist. An effort should be made in order to prevent theoretical work from detaching from reality through excessive oversimplification. Classification of translation should be made according to the different problems, solutions and ways of translating attached to them.

Resumen: One of the trickiest subjects in the field of translation is the translation of the style of irony. This is due to the difficulty of spotting and understanding it in the SL text first, and then of finding a possible, good and matchable version of translation in the TL language, that reflects similar stylistic functions and implications in the TL (Le. Arabic here). The delicacy and subtlety of irony, especially when it is culture-based, makes it hard to tackle in translation. Yet it is not an insuperable problem of translation. This article investigates at some length the different definitions given to irony in English language. Then, it discusses its different types in general. Eight of these interchangeable types are singled out, exemplified for in detail and translated into Arabic, with problems of translation being picked up and then solved. The paper is concluded by a framework of translation procedures and steps suggested to help translators overcome the problems of translating the English style of irony into Arabic.