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Resumen: Generally speaking, the message of a poem is conveyed on three levels: the semantic, the syntactic, and the phonological. How translatable each of these levels is to the translator depends on how much cognation there is between source and target language: the more cognation there is, the more translatable each of these levels. Thus, in respect of all three levels, translation between languages of the same family, such as English and French, both of which belong to the Indo-European family, is easier than translation between languages of different families, such as English and Chinese, which belong respectively to the Indo-European and the Sino-Tibetan family. If a further distinction is to be made, one may say that, in translation between Chinese and European languages, the semantic level is less challenging than both the syntactic and the phonological level, since syntactic and phonological features are language-bound, and do not lend themselves readily to translation, whereas language pairs generally have corresponding words and phrases on the semantic level to express similar ideas or to describe similar objects, events, perceptions, and feelings. As an image owes its existence largely to its semantic content, the imagery of a poem is easier to translate than its phonological features. Be that as it may, there is yet another difference: the difference between the imagery of non-dramatic poetry and the imagery of poetic drama when it comes to translation. With reference to Hamlet and its versions in Chinese and in European languages, this paper discusses this difference and the challenges which the translator has to face when translating the imagery of poetic drama from one language into another; it also shows how translating Shakespeare's imagery from English into Chinese is more formidable than translating it from English into other European languages.

Resumen: This article aims to present multilingual advertising from the point of view of translation. In particular, I will focus on the case of the Spanish airline Vueling whose signature feature is the mixture of languages in its advertising campaigns. The method of analysis used in this study will be the pragmalinguistic model used by Hickey (1999) in the translation of humorous texts since humor is the main function of Vueling advertisements. This model is based upon the individual analysis of each one of the three elements in the speech act (locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary) of the source text in order to render a translation triggering the same effects on the target reader as the ones provoked on the source reader. This method of analysis will be applied to several examples of ads as well as their translations into English. The main conclusions of this study show the importance of stylistic equivalence in this type of translations-sometimes over semantic and pragmatic equivalences-since it is precisely the code-switching feature and the formal contrast that produces on the reader what creates the comical effect so characteristic of these campaigns.

Resumen: The present study investigates Jordanian students' ability to translate English binomials into Arabic and explores the strategies used when translating them into Arabic. It also investigates the usefulness of English-Arabic dictionaries. For this purpose, a 25-item translation test was developed and distributed to two groups; an advanced group including 30 MA students, and an intermediate group comprising 50 undergraduate students studying English at Jordanian universities. The study revealed that the subjects' general performance on the translation test was unsatisfactory. The percentage of correct answers on all items for all subjects was approximately The study revealed that the subjects' general performance on the translation test was unsatisfactory. The percentage of correct answers on all items for all subjects was approximately 44...This means that more than half of the test items in the translation test were erroneously rendered. The subjects used different strategies to translate English binomials into Arabic. The most frequently used strategy was contextualized guessing, followed by avoidance, literal translation, incomplete translation and least used, semantic approximation...

Resumen: There have been a number of attempts to teach interpreting by distance mode using technologies such as teleconferencing, videoconferencing and Internet. Most of these attempts have faced a common constraint - the teacher and students cannot engage in live visual interaction as if they were in a physical language lab, and the effect of teaching is therefore compromised. As a result, most distance interpreting instruction is limited to the provision of interpreting materials for students to practise by themselves, and hence become a form of self study for students. This paper presents an experiment which tries to make use of the state-of-the-art synchronous cyber classroom to create a teaching and learning space that is comparable to face-to-face teaching, allowing the teacher to teach interpreting iper se/i and students to practise interpreting in groups, pairs or individually under the teacher's supervision. The key characteristic of this experiment is that the teacher and students can hear and see each other in teaching and learning as well as in practice. The findings of the experiment suggest that in spite of certain constraints inherent in computer technology, the important aspect of verbal and visual interaction in teaching interpreting per se can be accommodated using the technology of synchronous cyber classrooms.

Resumen: The paper deals primarily with obligatory translation shifts involving translating English texts from and into Arabic and specifies the sub-components of a proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment. Obligatory shifts involve substituting English non-finite embedded forms with finite ones, lexicalizing certain grammatical elements, making agreement in gender between Arabic adjectives and nouns and Arabic nouns and verbs, substituting emphatic 'do' with the appropriate rhetorical device, supplying an antecedent to the translated Arabic relative constructions, transposing English initial noun clauses and sentence modifiers to post-verbal positions, placing the definite noun rather than its referent in initial positions, rendering certain English adjectives into verbs, nouns or adjectival clauses, replacing existential 'there' and the English grammatical subject 'it' with the appropriate corresponding forms, substituting the English comma with the Arabic conjunctive 'wa'-and or 'aw'-or as a linking device, deleting the corresponding form of copula be in Arabic interrogatives and replacing certain English noun modifiers with the appropriate similitude construction. The proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment examines the communicative, situational, semantic, structural, stylistic, pragmatic, textual, aesthetic, rhetorical, lexical and informational aspects of the translated text which are essential for assessing the quality of the text and the performance of the translator.

Resumen: Babel is a scholarly journal designed primarily for translators, interpreters and terminologists (T&I), yet of interest also for nonspecialist concerned with current issues and events in the field. The scope of Babel is intentional and embraces a multitude of disciplines built on the following pillars: T&I theory, practice, pedagogy, technology, history, sociology, and terminology management. Another important segment of this journal includes articles on the development and evolution of the T&I professions: new disciplines, growth, recognition, Codes of Ethics, protection, and prospects. The creation of Babel was proposed on the initiative of Pierre-François Caillé, founding president of the Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs (FIT) and approved by the first FIT Congress of 1954 in Paris. Babel continues to be published for FIT and each issue contains a section dedicated to THE LIFE OF FIT. Articles for Babel are normally published in English or French but we also accept articles in Arabic, Chinese, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish.