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Resumen: This paper proposes a model for translating English perfect tenses into Arabic based on a comparative study of two translations of Pearl Buck's novel The Good Earth. It starts with a brief introduction to tense and aspect in English and Arabic. Then it explains the study aim and technique. After that, it presents an analysis of the study results by discussing the different renderings of the English perfect tenses in the two target texts.

Resumen: The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyam, by Taha Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography's second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators' individual attitudes towards the ST's norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury's norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.

Resumen: This paper aims to explore the norms, strategies and procedures of translating "paraphrase parallelism and chiasmus" in Arabic literary prose. The empirical base material consists of the thereepart autobiography al-Ayyam (The Days) by Taha Hussein and the narrative Hadith ́Isa ibn Hisham (' Isa ibn Hisham's Tale) by Muhamed al-Muwaylihi. As regard "paraphrase", Arabic ST and English TT are different in the way their propositions are built in terms of paraphrastic construction. A number of translation strategies signal a predominant tendency to appeal to the TL norms. Three main strategies are "compression, translation by antonymous paraphrase and textual restructuring"

Resumen: This study endeavors to explore the problems that Translation trainees' mother culture poses when translating culture-specific idioms. The study used a translation task that comprises 20 culture-specific English idioms which incorporate lexical entities that can have negative connotations in the Arabic culture. The task was distributed to 40 randomly selected translation trainees, senior undergraduate translation students at the Department of Arabic and Translation, College of Languages, Sana'a University. Findings of the study show that the trainees' mother culture had a considerable impact on the translation process. This impact exhibited itself in many forms, the most prominent of which is the tendency to offer a culturally-driven judgment of the content of the idiom instead of translating the idiom itself. The paper delineates the various forms of cultural interference as seen in the trainees' renditions of the idioms in the study.

Resumen: The present study aims to shed light on the notion of manipulation in the process of translating. It explores the manipulative side of translation and its possible impacts and effects on the meaning and effect intended by the ST.Translated transcript of a speech delivered by Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden on the 29th of October 2004 is studied. The speech was broadcasted on Aljazeera Arabic News Channel and translated by various governmental and non-governmental organisations (bin-Laden 2004); however, this study analyses CNN's translation and considers it as a TT.The study adopts Juliane House's revised model of translation evaluation as it provides for the analysis and comparison of original text and its translation at four different levels: Language/Text, Register (Field, Mode and Tenor), Genre, and Function (House 1997).