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Resumen: Le grand cycle romanesque de Honoré d’Urfé L’Astrée, oeuvre majeure du genre pastoral en France, a connu d’innombrables adaptations. Une version abrégée intitulée La Nouvelle Astrée, anonyme ou attribuée à l’abbé de Choisy, a été publiée à Paris en 1712, pour être traduite en russe dès 1789. Si La Nouvelle Astrée n’a pas su transmettre le message complexe de son prestigieux modèle, miroir des aspirations de la noblesse, est-ce que la version russe de ce petit roman a pu en saisir le noyau et comment, à l’appui de quels choix traductologiques ? Notre expérience de sa première traduction en tchèque (parue en 2017) par la méthode de lecture herméneutique et une comparaison systématique du texte russe en cyrillique avec l’original français nous a permis de confirmer l’hypothèse du choix d’une stratégie traductologique spécifique. Le recours aux simplifications, aux explications et aux omissions des expressions considérées comme gênantes semble répondre à l’intention d’adapter le texte à des buts éducatifs, afin de le rendre plus accessible au public plus francophile que francophone. Les altérités en ce qui a trait aux signifiants et aux signifiés se voient atténuer sinon effacer, ce qui entraîne, dans les domaines notamment du lexique de la stylistique, d’importantes modifications.

Resumen: Motivations for volunteering have rarely been studied in the context of professional literary translators. Instead, studies have mainly focused on amateur translators in areas such as charities, fansubbing, TED, Wikipedia, Skype and Facebook. This paper explores this under-researched topic in the context of ¡Hjckrrh!, a non-profit publisher led by translators who self-publish literary translations in e-book format. As of March 2018, ¡Hjckrrh! had issued 21 e-books translated from seven languages, with the collaboration of fourteen translators. Most of the translators are experienced professional translators with full-time jobs. Based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants, this paper explores the translators’ motivations for collaborating on this initiative and shows how an ethnography-inspired methodology can be fruitful when studying translators. The outcomes reflect that translating for pleasure and personal relationships are factors that trigger translators’ voluntary participation in ¡Hjckrrh!, and the conclusions highlight the need for more research into similar non-profit publishing initiatives.

Resumen: This is a study of a frequently occurring but seldom studied phenomenon: that of proposed translations, rejections and disruptions in translators’ work. The study is based on the correspondence of 64 translators in the archive of the Werner Söderström (WSOY) publishing house in Finland between the 1880s and the 1940s. It deals with around 180 translator suggestions and an almost equal number of rejections discovered in translator–publisher correspondence. The research draws on actor-network theory and its focus is on emergent processes and controversies, exploring the events and decisions as they unfold in the archived interaction between translators and publishers. The large number of rejections, the various kinds of disrupted processes in the making of translations and the contingency of the translation event are set in high relief. Studying the way translations come into being – or do not come into being, as is often the case – shifts the focus from translations as products to the translation event: disruptions and impasses, it will be shown, constitute a significant share of translators’ and editors’ work and are crucial in understanding the translation process.

Resumen: Dans cet article, nous nous pencherons sur la production et la réception dans l’Amérique du Nord anglophone des traductions anglaises des romans canadiens-français publiés au xixe siècle. Les romans à l’étude étaient L’Influence d’un livre (1837), Les Anciens Canadiens (1863), Angéline de Montbrun (1884) et À l’oeuvre et à l’épreuve (1891). Dans un premier temps, nous examinons donc les concepts théoriques de distribution, de diffusion, de réception et de réception critique. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, nous présenterons brièvement les résultats de nos recherches en analysant les parcours de réceptions des traductions anglophones des romans de notre corpus. Nous démontrerons que certaines oeuvres ont profité d’une réception enviable – et sont toujours reconnues de nos jours – alors que d’autres sont presque passées inaperçues.

Resumen: En 1969, Philippe Jaccottet traduit pour la revue Aquila le poème Dunja de Giuseppe Ungaretti. L’étude tente de relever la singularité de cette traduction, en jetant de la lumière sur la génétique de sa rédaction : autrement dit, de pénétrer le côté invisible du processus traductif auquel collaborent l’auteur et le traducteur. À partir de la clarification terminologique de la notion de transparence, elle s’applique à élucider les stratégies du traducteur, en mettant en relief la dialectique de l’hermétique et de l’herméneutique. La juxtaposition des versions jaccottiennes du poème, élaborées au cours du « work in progress », renseigne sur les étapes de la traduction transparente, à commencer par le travail sur le lexique qui concerne la recherche d’équivalence. Elle révèle en outre les hésitations et les doutes d’un traducteur averti, conscient de l’impossibilité de comprendre l’énoncé poétique, en négligeant ses aspects affectif, imaginal et prosodique. Pour aboutir à la conclusion qu’il s’agit bien d’une traduction « relevante », résultat d’un travail minutieux sur les potentialités de la langue cible, qui n’hésite pas à transgresser les normes grammaticales de celle-ci afin de préserver l’étrangeté du texte source.

Resumen: Le présent article expose un ensemble de réflexions sur la traduction littéraire en Roumanie, à partir de quelques études et ouvrages parus dans ce pays, où le marché du livre est particulièrement actif en ce début du xxie siècle. Les auteurs des études évoquées - Tudor Ionescu, Magda Jeanrenaud, Gelu Ionescu, Irina Mavrodin, Ioana Balacescu - sont également critiques littéraires, traducteurs et enseignants, ce qui donne un éclairage multiple à leur approche et une visée pratique à leurs ouvrages, qui sont issus d'une profonde conviction de l'utilité de la théorisation sur le traduire et la traduction. Tandis que Tudor Ionescu soulève la question de savoir si la traduction littéraire est un art ou une science, Gelu Ionescu essaie de définir l'horizon de la traduction, Magda Jeanrenaud s'intéresse à l'histoire et à la critique et Irina Mavrodin nous invite à éviter l'opposition théorie/pratique, mais plutôt à voir la traduction de façon intégrée, c'est-à-dire comme une pratico-théorie où les deux éléments se nourrissent réciproquement. Ioana Balacescu, quant à elle, ouvre de nouvelles voies en didactique de la traduction, en plaçant la créativité au centre de ses préoccupations. En tant qu'enseignants, ils s'intéressent également à l'apprentissage de la traduction et à la formation des jeunes traducteurs. Malgré les orientations et les perspectives différentes embrassées par ces traductologues, ils soulignent tous la nécessité et l'importance d'une réflexion sur la traduction littéraire accompagnant et nourrissant l'expérience du traduire, réflexion et expérience se reliant ainsi de façon essentiellement biunivoqu.e

Resumen: Este artículo se acerca al problema de la traducción en Haroldo de Campos a través del estudio de su biblioteca y del archivo de Roman Jakobson en el MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), que conserva sus intercambios desde 1966 hasta 1981. La historización de la teoría y de las prácticas de traducción de Haroldo, así como su concepción de la literatura y la cultura, se hace posible a través de la reconstrucción de sus intertextos y de las redes intelectuales de las que participó y del estudio de la correspondencia y la propia biblioteca del autor.

Resumen: This essay situates itself at the intersection of book history and translation studies, and inquires how the archive, in this instance, those of British publishers, can help us chart the development of the professional literary translator in the nineteenth century. A key period in print culture, during which many cultural, technological and social shifts occurred, the Victorian era saw the rise of the literary profession, the relevance and impact of which on literary translation can be even better understood in the light of developments in British publishing practices. Using hitherto largely untapped primary sources and uncovering a number of significant processes in the publishing history of literary translation, the discussion offers fresh insights into the production of English-language translations in nineteenth-century Britain. Drawing on the archival records of Richard Bentley’s publishing house, including translators’ correspondence and the contractual agreements that underpinned the production and publication of translations, this study inquires into what may be termed the “proto-professionalization” of literary translators in the nineteenth century.

Resumen: Este artículo aborda la retraducción de la obra literaria desde una doble perspectiva: por una parte, se establecen unos principios teóricos (Pym 1998 y Venuti 2004/2012), que explican algunas razones de las frecuentes apariciones de retraducciones de obras clásicas. Por otra parte, y con el fin de ilustrar estos principios, se examina el recorrido que han tenido las retraducciones de la obra de Edgar A. Poe en España desde la aparición de la primera traducción (1858) hasta la actualidad. Por último, y con el objetivo de ayudar a entender mejor tanto los presupuestos teóricos como las retraducciones encontradas, se analizan varios aspectos de tres retraducciones aparecidas en diferentes épocas del cuento «The Business Man» de Poe (1840): la de Julio Gómez de la Serna (1951), la de Julio Cortázar (1956/1970) y la del autor de este artículo (2008). El análisis de algunos aspectos diferenciadores de estas tres traducciones permite concluir con el importante papel que desempeñan las retraducciones en la canonización de autores literarios en los diferentes sistemas de llegada planteados.

Resumen: The paper investigates lexical repetition in Arabic original literary texts and English translations. The empirical base material consists of a three-part autobiography (al-Ayyam, by Taha Hussein) and its translation (The Days). The method involves a mapping of the target text (TT) onto the source text (ST) so as to see how instances of lexical repetition are rendered into the translations and what are the strategies and norms involved in determining certain translation choices. Three types of lexical repetition are studied: lexical-item repetition, lexical-doublet repetition and phrase repetition. Lexical repetition serves two major functions, namely textual and rhetorical. The textual function concerns the potential of repetition for organising the text and rendering it cohesive, while the rhetorical foregrounds a mental image or invokes emotions in emotive language. It is observed that the translation of the autobiography's second part is characterised mainly by the absence of lexical repetition, contrary to the translations of the first and third parts. Thus, the target text misrepresents the original author as passing through three stages of textual, stylistic development. As to the translation strategies, the findings suggest that the translators vary the ST by using different patterns of reference. Rhetorical repetition is backgrounded by at least one translator who replaces it with pervasive variation. It is argued that the ambivalence of their approaches leads to a misrepresentation of the original text (and perhaps the author) as rather uneven.The strategies for translating lexical repetition highlight the translators' individual attitudes towards the ST's norms and their adherence to the linguistic and cultural norms prevalent in the TL environment. On the whole, there is a variation in the degree of bias towards the norms of either SL or TL. In terms of Toury's norms model, it may be safe to claim that the general trend of translational norms seems to lean more towards the acceptability pole than the adequacy pole, i.e., a TL-oriented strategy is opted for.

Resumen: This study proposes an empirical methodology to test the hypothesis that translation from Spanish into English results in reduced abstractness. The semantic area focused upon is the attribution of properties to specific entities by means of abstract nouns. Two levels of abstractness, conceptual and grammatical, are considered. Conceptual abstractness is linked to the referential content of the nouns, while grammatical abstractness involves the reified expression of properties as nouns, as opposed to other word classes. The study classifies the translation correspondences for nouns ending in the suffix -idad in the Spanish novels by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1939-2003) Los mares del Sur and Tatuaje. Such property-denoting nouns contribute to the construal of point of view. The methodology combines a quantitative approach with a qualitative, text-analytic selection of relevant items. Results indicate that abstractness is mainly reduced on the grammatical level although instances of diminished conceptual abstractness can also be observed. Compliance with language preferences may be aligning with readability norms affecting the target product, crime fiction, to undo reification of properties (namely explicitation and simplification). The results underscore the need to include semantic parameters in studies of translation tendencies. A few studies on song translation can be identified, such as Low’s (2003; 2005) Pentathlon Approach and Franzon’s (2005) functional approach. These models of translation offer valuable guidelines on how to treat the lyrics, but what is missing is a systematic and multimodal model of analysis that can be applied to the song in its entirety. Kaindl (2005; 2013) takes into consideration the multimodality of songs, but only focuses on popular music and opera. Acknowledging the lack of substantial research on the interaction between modes, which is typical of stage musicals, this paper focuses on the development of a model of analysis that considers the semiotic complexity of songs. A new approach based on themes will allow for a more holistic view of the song and of its content.

Resumen: When literary authors translate their own work, they sometimes collaborate with other writer-translators. While such “collaboration” is often acknowledged on the title pages of the resulting publications, the nature of each joint venture is typically very different in practice. Surviving archival traces often allow for a more detailed reconstruction of the varying working methods that were adopted for every co-translation, but it would be naïve to assume that even the most completely preserved record will make it possible to conclusively identify the function of every participant in the creative process. In this article, we will combine genetic criticism and genetic translation studies on the one hand, with microhistorical and social approaches to translation on the other, as complementary methodologies to further investigate the understudied notion of collaborative (self-)translation. By using as our test case the extant draft versions and other related materials that document the collaborative relationships between Irish bilingual author Samuel Beckett and his co-translators in French, English and German, the purpose is to show that a process-oriented and interdisciplinary approach to translation can help overcome some of the challenges and limitations presented by digital editions and archives such as the Beckett Digital Manuscript Project (BDMP).

Resumen: El presente estudio de las traducciones españolas de Les Ruines ou méditations sur les révolutions et les empires de Volney se enmarca en el ámbito de la recepción de su obra en Francia. El autor retocó en gran medida su texto generando de este modo numerosas variantes textuales y distintas versiones y ediciones. Estos diversos estadios de su escritura reflejan además la evolución de su pensamiento y los profundos cambios históricos de su tiempo, rico en acontecimientos políticos relevantes. Les Ruines se fraguan durante el proceso revolucionario de 1789, se revisan durante el Directorio, se corrigen antes del Imperio y cristalizan en una profunda reflexión sobre la historia del Antiguo Régimen y sobre las premisas del Estado del nuevo siglo. Nuestro trabajo sobre la recepción de Volney se inscribe en la complejidad editorial de las primeras ediciones de estas obras y se interesa por sus consecuencias en las traducciones españolas, concretamente en la traducción de 1819 (Londres), basada principalmente, en este caso, en la edición francesa de 1817 (París) revisada y corregida por el autor.

Resumen: Resulting from the wish to meet the (new, altered) requirements of the receiving culture, retranslations are exponents of the historical relativity of translation. According to the so-called retranslation hypothesis, retranslations tend to be more source culture oriented than first translations. First translations, the hypothesis runs, deviate from the original to a higher degree than subsequent, more recent translations, because first translations determine whether or not a text (and its author) is (are) going to be accepted in the target culture. One can come up with several factors that make the retranslation hypothesis, even broadened to re-rewriting hypothesis, plausible (e.g., translators take a critical stance to earlier translations, the target language has developed and target culture norms have become less rigid), but one can ask to what extent the hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence. In the following article some of the results of my study of 52 German and 18 Dutch versions of the children's classic book Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (Nils Holgersson's Wonderful Journey Through Sweden, Selma Lagerlöf, 1906-1907), published between 1907-1908 and 1999, are discussed with respect to the retranslation hypothesis. It is argued that, though some more recent versions showed consideration for the original, a clash of norms ultimately did not allow the hypothesis to hold good: not allegiance to the original, but literary, pedagogical and economical norms gained the upper hand.The hypothesis clearly does not have a general value. The hypothesis may be valid to some extent, but only if it is not formulated in absolute terms. Within peripheral forms of literature, like children's literature, as well as within classical literature, less prototypical (re)rewriting has proven to be more than the exception and target norms continue to clash with fidelity to the original source text.

Resumen: This article deals with the committment of Proust to Ruskin as the moral authority of his time and, consequently, as a main influence on his own original work through the apprenticeship of translation. It examines these renderings (La Bible d'Amiens and Sesame et les lys) as transformations of allegory into symbol, foreshadowing his early Du côté de chez Swann and his final Le temps retrouvé) with the conclusion that Proust managed to realize the unity of abstract and concrete. Allegory, a Proustian "rhetorical trope" on the Cathedral of Amiens (according to De Man) and the Victorian public building, is such an abstraction opposite the concreteness and privacy of symbolism, the reality behind the trope as realized behind the styles of both Ruskin and Proust.

Resumen: The beauty of literary translation is determined by the artistic nature of the original work. Therefore, how to represent its aesthetic values should be considered the ultimate objective of literary translation. This paper, which is theoretically based on formal and non-formal aesthetic constituents of literature classified by the Chinese translation theorist Liu Miqing as well as traditional Chinese philology and modern literature stylistics, discusses extensively how to succeed in representing aesthetic values of literary works from two aspects, i.e., formal aesthetic markers and non-formal aesthetic markers. It also points out that since in a literary work formal markers and non-formal markers are really inseparable, the proper combination of the two can provide a satisfactory solution.

Resumen: The paradox that lies at the heart of the phenomenon of explicitation, taken as a broad category, is that explicitation on one level of analysis can correspond to implicitation on another. Some explicitations add or change linguistic elements to clarify the original text, others serve to reinforce the original speaker’s attitude; however, clarifying the text might in fact affect its global meaning, in particular when the text’s intention is precisely to remain obscure. In these cases, from a semantic or syntactic point of view, such translational shifts are explicitations, but on a deeper level of meaning, they can be considered implicitations, since they obscure the speaker’s stance, thus making the global meaning of the text more implicit. We thus advocate studying narratological explicitness from the angle of the more specific phenomenon of “reduction of complex narrative voices” (Chesterman 2010: 41).

Resumen: In this article, it is assumed that phraseological usage can be regarded as an indicator of normalisation in translated texts, as phraseological units are target-language standardised forms belonging to its lexical repertoire. Drawing on data yielded by the English-Catalan subcorpus of COVALT (Valencian Corpus of Translated Literature), it was found that Catalan translated texts are less phraseological than their corresponding English source texts, though only by a narrow margin. The narrowness of the margin seems to bear witness to some effort on the translators' part to retain or recreate a noticeable degree of phraseological activity in translated texts. However, further research is needed into the motives underlying translator behaviour in this respect.

Resumen: Anthony Burgess’s 1962 novella A Clockwork Orange is one of the most popular speculative works of fiction of all time, having been translated over fifty times into more than thirty different languages. Each translator of this work is faced with the challenge of adapting Burgess’s invented anti-language, Nadsat, into their target language. Some translations have managed this more successfully than others. The French translation, by Georges Belmont and Hortense Chabrier, L’Orange Mécanique (1962/1972) is considered particularly successful and remains the standard French translation nearly 50 years on. Previous studies have remarked on the creativity shown by these translators in reconstructing Nadsat in the target language. However, previous work has not closely analysed the consistency that Belmont and Chabrier brought to this task. In this paper, we use corpus linguistics methodologies to examine the construction of French-Nadsat, and compare it to the Nadsat presented in the source text. We identify six categories of French-Nadsat, all of which are in some way analogous with categories identified in English-Nadsat. We then employ corpus techniques which demonstrate the high level of consistency that Belmont and Chabrier used in their translation to ensure that the lexical distinctions present in English-Nadsat are largely preserved in the translation. This paper thus demonstrates the value of corpus methodologies in investigating the consistency of translations of creative texts where a third “language” (L3) is present, an approach that is largely lacking in previous work on the translation of this novel into other languages.

Resumen: The translation of Inazo Nitobe's Bushido: the Soul of Japan (1905) by Millán-Astray, the founder of the Spanish Foreign Legion (1941), has been studied from the point of view of the contexts, pretexts and texts of the source text (ST) and the translated text (TT). Nitobe's context and pretext meant that his discourse was primarily one of cultural mediation, an attempt to build bridges between East and West, but also to strengthen the position of Japan. Millán-Astray's context and pretext meant that his discourse was intended to inspire the youth of Spain, but also, and this was even more important, to strengthen Franco's regime and give prestige to the Spanish Foreign Legion. The pretexts of both author and translator can be found in the paratextual elements of the ST (1905) and the TT (1941). However, both texts have been re-edited several times in different formats, without the original introductions and prologues and this raises the question of how the inclusion or omission of this information may affect the reader's interpretation of text as discourse.

Resumen: This paper describes how mediation in translation is realized by means of inclusion and exclusion of information at the selection stage and discursive deviations at the presentation stage in the process of target text production. It discusses the effect of mediation in relation to two types of the target text recipients, one is termed professional readers representing the censoring authorities and the other the intended reading public, and their respective socio-cultural backgrounds. Our argument in this paper is that an investigation of translation from the perspective of mediation helps reveal the power struggle underlying the translation process. The detailed description of the textual realization of mediation, in particular, helps create an awareness of the various ways the target text producer may take to mediate the translation process to achieve a compromise between the author's interests and the professional readers' political concerns so as to get the translation published.

Resumen: It must seem strange that a country like ours which has accepted the ideaof fostering two languages and two cultures for over 200 years should have made such a small contribution in the way of translations, but the fact is that we lag behind most Western nations in this field. UNESCO statistics show Canada ranking somewhere between Iceland and Albania in annual production. Historically, next to no literary translation was published in Canada before 1920 (10 titles in English, 2 in French), and little enough during the next forty years (39 titles in English, 9 in French). There never has been any systematic attempt to translate major works of the other culture. Too often Canadians have not only been guilty of ignoring each other; they have struck the colonial posture and have left the iniciative of translating Canadian books to foreign translators publishing in London, paris or New York. In short, there is no tradition of literary translation in Canada.

Resumen: Le sens d’un texte ne se constitue pas uniquement dans sa relation à l’auteur et au lecteur (lecteur implicite, lecteur réel), mais aussi dans sa relation à d’autres textes. Rencontrées dans un texte à traduire, les traces intertextuelles (citations, allusions, références) posent un problème spécifique. Cette difficulté est particulièrement sensible lorsque le texte cité par l’original n’est pas familier à la culture d’accueil. Le traducteur peut se voir amené à intervenir par des pratiques explicitatives, risquant alors de modifier l’effet produit ou visé. Une autre solution consiste à privilégier la fonction du lien intertextuel ou à effectuer une adaptation. Par le jeu de l’intertextualité, chaque texte prend sa place à l’intérieur d’un vaste réseau. La seconde partie de l’article montre que le texte traduit y a, lui aussi, sa place, qui n’est pas la même que celle de son texte directeur. Le traducteur doit accepter cette donnée qui, loin de limiter la valeur d’une traduction, fait d’elle un texte vivant, autonome, et constitue peut-être la condition d’existence d’une « grande » traduction. Cette étude s’appuie sur différents exemples empruntés à la littérature allemande (Kafka, Fontane, Zweig), avec plusieurs traductions françaises et anglaises.

Resumen: This paper examines the subversive function of an anthology of Bertolt Brecht's political essays that was published in Greece at the time the student movement was emerging. The collection was launched in 1971, four years after the military coup in Greece. Drawing on the notion of frame from social movements theory, the paper focuses on the trajectory of the Greek student movement and the main frames that brought it forward as the most successful form of resistance against the junta. Then the paper illustrates how the Brecht anthology in particular captures the general climate of cultural and political opposition that created the resonance deemed necessary for the success of the student movement.

Resumen: This paper describes how mediation in translation is realized by means of inclusion and exclusion of information at the selection stage and discursive deviations at the presentation stage in the process of target text production. It discusses the effect of mediation in relation to two types of the target text recipients, one is termed professional readers representing the censoring authorities and the other the intended reading public, and their respective socio-cultural backgrounds. Our argument in this paper is that an investigation of translation from the perspective of mediation helps reveal the power struggle underlying the translation process. The detailed description of the textual realization of mediation, in particular, helps create an awareness of the various ways the target text producer may take to mediate the translation process to achieve a compromise between the author's interests and the professional readers' political concerns so as to get the translation published.

Resumen: In this article, we explore the phenomenon of deictic center shifts in literary translation, concentrating on the Spanish translation (La historia siguiente, 1992) of the Dutch novel Het volgende verhaal (1991 [The Following Story, 1993]). The empirical description focuses on lexical spatiotemporal markers and verbal tenses. We compare the source text and the target text in order to identify the translational shifts: we consider these shifts as textual traces of the translator's interpretive process of resetting the spatiotemporal coordinates of the discourse. We will argue that the deictic shifts between source and target text are related to occasional hesitations of the translator, who tends to emphasize the most salient deictic center. On a methodological level, we hope to show that a close reading of a translated text, taking into account its thematic and structural peculiarities, can contribute both to Translation and Literary Studies.

Resumen: Adaptation, as both a method and a textual category, has been a perennial favorite with text mediators who call themselves translators, appearing especially prominently in intersemiotic rather than interlingual translation. The present paper examines the concepts and practices of adaptation, drawing particular attention to examples from both the West and the Far East. Just as a preference for adaptive methods in translation can be seen in certain periods of Western literary history (e.g. seventeenth- and eighteenth-century France), there were times when adaptations were hailed in China, Japan and Korea. In the course of the discussion, reference will be made to (1) the modernist adaptations undertaken by Western writers through much of the twentieth century; (2) the sequences of novelistic adaptations spawned in Korea and Japan by Chinese classical novels; and (3) the adaptations of European novels by the prodigious twentieth-century Chinese translator Lin Shu. It will be shown that there is a need for translation scholars to question the theoretical validity of the dichotomy between the two modes of "translation" and "adaptation," as well as an urgency to reconsider the supposed "inferior" status of adaptations.

Resumen: This paper investigates the question of whether the classifications and general descriptions of irony, as true as they may seem, are plausible enough for enquiries into areas such as translation. The generic and philosophical analysis criteria provided by the literary criticism, literary theory and pragmatic approaches hover around broad interpretive models of irony. These criteria are impractical for the analysis of irony for translation purposes, although the translation of irony relies essentially on interpretation and creative reformulation. This is particularly the case when dealing with typologically distant languages, such as Arabic and English, in a specific text-type. To be able to "work" with ironic texts there is a need for a more objective and applicable approach, which considers the identification of formal and rhetorical devices of ironic texts, hence a linguistic analysis that explains the communicative function of these devices at both the utterance and discourse structure levels

Resumen: Cette étude examine les différentes stratégies mises en oeuvre par les traducteurs pour rendre en français l’expressivité des interjections onomatopéiques coréennes. À la différence de l’onomatopée, une interjection est, en réaction à une situation vécue, pourvue d’un affect, d’une intention de communiquer (expressive ou injonctive). Entre manifestation émotionnelle et formulation implicite, leur ambiguïté sémantique ne permet pas d’en interpréter aisément la valeur situationnelle, telle qu’elle est communément interprétée dans la culture d’origine. À défaut d’interjections équivalentes en langue cible, les traducteurs des interjections coréennes ont donc alternativement recours soit à de simples translittérations, soit à des reformulations plus explicites non interjectives. Après avoir défini le cadre de notre étude, nous étudierons, par des exemples empruntés à la littérature coréenne, les différentes stratégies qui permettent de traduire et transmettre en français la valeur expressive et la charge émotive de ces éléments de langage dits « primaires ». Enfin, nous proposerons quelques solutions de rechange non interjectives ou somatiques pour rendre perceptible leur densité sémantique.

Resumen: This paper performs a comparative analysis of two translations of Flora Tristan’s travelogue to Peru, Pérégrinations d’une paria (1838), namely Jean Hawkes’ English translation, Peregrinations of a Pariah and Emilia Romero’s Spanish version, Peregrinaciones de una paria. This analysis reveals that the two translators chose different approaches to their task, thus inhabiting two different rooms in the house of translation (Neubert and Shreve 1994). Special emphasis is placed on their representations of slavery and the concept of women as slaves in marriage. This project relies on the translation theories and practice described in Kadish and Massadier-Kenney’s edited volume, Translating Slavery, which presents translation from a humanistic, critical, and ideological point of view. The translators writing in this volume incorporate social issues such as race and gender, providing different perspectives on the original text. This project uses one of their approaches: that is, a contrastive and comparative method, examining the differences between the original and the translated texts, especially looking at the interventions of the translators.