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Resumen: Technical difficulties associated with dubbing, together with the collaborative nature of the dubbing process, explain why traditionally the linguistic challenges of dubbing translation for specific audiences such as children have not been studied very closely. As new developments in sound recording improve the technical quality of dubbing, it is time for the remaining textual translation issues to be addressed in more detail. Due to the many common characteristics of different text types aimed at children, dubbers of children’s audiovisual material can learn a considerable amount from the translators of other texts, such as books and comics aimed at children, about the particular challenges posed by this target audience.

Resumen: This article is in part a review of the literary qualities of the narrative tales written by the Swedish children's author Astrid Lindgren and in part a comparative reading of the Swedish Mio, min Mio (Mio, my son) and its Danish translation from 1955. It will be shown how the Danish version has been adapted from the Swedish and how as a result the Danish version of the narrative does not have the same literary quality as the original.

Resumen: In this paper it is asserted that, despite recent movements in continental translation theory (see Wilss 1982 : 59, for an admirable summary of the situation), the essential orientation of translation theory, in the English-speaking world in particular, is still towards the evaluation of translation as product (i.e. as the translated text) and, by means of such evaluation, towards the discovery or creation of a set of normative maxims for the production of the ideal translation.What is proposed is a shift of focus away from the translation as an artifact - a product - towards translating as process i. e. an investigation of the psycholinguistic mechanisms of decoding and encoding in the context of bi- rather than monolingual information exchange. The paper concludes with some tentative hints at parts of the decoding elements of a model of translating which, it is hoped, will help to orient translators and teachers towards the means by which texts are transferred from language to language and from speech community to speech community ; a process which is universally recognized as a sine qua non for the improvement of international relations in a sadly divided world.

Resumen: The article takes a look at the translation of children's literature intended for reading aloud. The pragmatic (or theoretical) point of departure is a 'narrative contract' between the child (audience) and the reader as in the oral tradition of yesteryear. It is therefore argued that, at least initially, children's literature for reading aloud was a continuation of the narrative tradition in the extended family adapted to the conditions and mores of the nuclear family. The nuclear family was a 19th century innovation promoted by the new middle classes, and they best carried on the narrative tradition by means of stories such as those of the brothers Grimm in Germany and Hans Christian Andersen in Denmark. Referring to an informal questionnaire among Translation Studies scholars covering eleven countries, it is concluded that the tradition of reading aloud for children is alive and well. This leads to a model for the translational situation for read-aloud literature that calls for guiding principles in the exploration of differences between 'originals' and 'translations.' Having introduced such layers, viz. the structural, the linguistic, the content and intentional ones, a paratextual and chronological layer are also called for, because of the ubiquity of modern co-prints and the need to introduce diachronic perspectives. The article discusses decision-makers in the process of translation, such as publishers and the like, and also briefly views questions of translational traditions before it discusses translations of the Grimm Tales into English and Danish, to conclude that there are two different schools of 'respectable translators,' one targeting stories for reading aloud and another for silent reading, even though the translators may not be aware of this. The final part takes up questions concerning the translation of names, rhymes, and a highly complex text which is discussed in depth. The conclusion is that translation for reading aloud is an art requiring great competence of translators. It also ought to attract more attention from Translation Studies scholars because it questions fundamentals in translation work that are also found in other types of translation.

Resumen: Translation as a profession provides an in-depth analysis of the translating profession and the translation industry. The book starts with a presentation of the diversity of translations and an overview of the translation-localisation process. The second section describes the translation profession and the translators markets. The third section considers the process of becoming a translator, from the moment people find out whether they have the required qualities to the moment when they set up shop or find a job, with special emphasis on how to find and hold on to clients, avoiding basic mistakes. The fourth section concentrates on the vital professional issues of costs, rates, deadlines, time to market, productivity, ethics, standards, qualification, certification, and professional recognition. The fifth section is devoted to the developments that have provoked ongoing changes in the profession and industry, such as ICT, and the impact of industrialisation, internationalisation, and globalisation. The final section is devoted to the major issues involved in translator training. A glossary is provided, together with a list of Websites for further browsing.

Resumen: La notion de langue-culture est intégrée à la réflexion traductologique depuis plus de vingt ans. Ainsi est-il admis que toute étude des productions langagières interlinguistiques comporte une dimension interculturelle. Le présent développement propose une exploration des objets intraduisibles du fait de leur ancrage dans une culture donnée, et suggère des procédures de résolution. L'opération traduisante relève alors de la négociation. Le traducteur, intermédiateur dans la chaîne de communication interlinguistique, recherche un compromis et met en oeuvre une stratégie de négociation allant de l'emprunt à l'adaptation, voire la transposition. Or, l'exploitation d'exemples extraits de discours authentiques montre que les objets considérés intraduisibles et qui, par conséquent, peuvent être transférés non traduits dans la langue d'arrivée - emprunts et xénismes - constituent en réalité des traductions en raison du glissement sémantique qui accompagne systématiquement leur réception et leur intégration dans la culture d'accueil.

Resumen: Este libro presenta un breve repaso por todo aquello relacionado con la actividad traductora, desde su evolución a lo largo de la historia hasta las más recientes corrientes de pensamiento al respecto, pasando por el análisis de cada uno de los elementos involucrados en el proceso de la traducción excepto el autor original (a saber, traductor, receptor, texto, herramientas de trabajo, producto final), y de éste mismo, relacionando las dificultades o dilemas que puedan surgir durante el proceso traslativo

Resumen: Obra colectiva que recoge la experiencia directa de los profesores que componen el Traductorado Técnico Científico Literario en inglés de la Escuela Normal Superior en Lenguas Vivas Sofía Esther Broquen de Spangenber (Buenos Aires). Se hace eco de una realidad: la crisis de traductología clásica. Todos los autores del libro comparten una visión, en la que el centro de atención se desplaza del crítico a la experiencia traductora.

Resumen: The British version of Jean de Brunhoff’s Histoire de Babar is a striking example of the transition from the present to the past tense in the translation of children’s texts into English. With reference to theories of narrative time, this paper invites speculation on the impact of such a tense shift on the present-tense qualities of the original, on the performance of a shared reading by child and adult and, finally, on the relevance of the young child’s developing understanding of the role of tense in narrative.

Resumen: Simpatía por el traidor no es un tratado académico. Es un manifiesto. Mark Polizzotti lleva casi medio siglo traduciendo: no cree en teorías globales, ni en respuestas infalibles. Su objetivo es mucho más ambicioso: plantearnos qué es una traducción, para qué sirve, cómo leerla. Para conseguirlo, nos cuenta la historia de cómo llegamos a usar las distintas lenguas en nuestro beneficio, y qué sucede cuando no es así.Es una historia salpicada de fanatismo, traiciones, santos, filósofos, espías, poetas y herejes. Y todos formamos parte de ella. Precisamente por eso, este libro está llamado a convertirse en un clásico contemporáneo.«Me preocupa la aparición de un mundo donde la traducción ya no sea realmente necesaria, no porque todos podamos hablar la misma lengua, sino porque las distintas lenguas del mundo ya no expresen las diferencias psicológicas y culturales que las hacían especiales e interesantes.»¿Cuál es el objetivo final de una traducción? ¿Qué significa tildar una traducción de «fiel» o «infiel»? Y, ya puestos, ¿resultan útiles estos criterios? ¿Qué responsabilidad ética tiene el traductor para con el lector y el texto de origen? ¿Es inevitable «perder» algo en la traducción, o también se puede ganar algo? ¿Puede y debe una traducción mejorar el original? ¿Qué hace que algunas versiones canten y otras chirríen? Y en última instancia, ¿importa la traducción? Y de ser así, ¿por qué importa?

Resumen: La notion de' equivalence est un concept clé de la pratique comme de la théorie de la traduction. Cependant, l'equivalence reste toujours une notion confuse et même contestée. La raison en est sans doute quèlle a beaucoup évolué dans le contexte de la traduction à travers les époques. En effet, peu de chercheurs en théorie de la traduction continuent de nos jours à rechercher les principes de l' équivalence et de la non-équivalence au niveau des signes de deux langues comme le faisait déjà saint Augustin au quatrième siècle et comme le faisaient encore, dans les années 60 Georges Mounin (1963) et, à un moindre degré, Roman Jakobson (1966). Certes, le problème de la coïncidence ou de la divergence des structures de deux langues en présence dans le processus de la traduction reste largement d' actualité, néanmoins, on recherche de moins, en moins dans les différences entre les structures sémantiques, syntaxiques et idiomatiques des langues les réponses aux questions sur l'equivalence de traduction.