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Resumen: Translating picture books is a many-splendored thing: it includes not only the relationship between the verbal and the visual (images and other elements) but also issues like reading aloud and child images. In the following, while mainly concentrating on the visual, I will deal with the other questions as well, as they all interact and influence each other. My starting point is translating as rewriting for target-language audiences - we always need to ask the crucial question: "For whom?" Hence, while writing children's books is writing for children, translating children's literature is translating for children. (See Hunt 1990:1, 60-64 and Oittinen 2000.) The reasons why I take such a special interest in translating picture books are twofold: cultural and national as well as individual. In Finland, we translate a lot: 70-80

Resumen: The article takes a look at the translation of children's literature intended for reading aloud. The pragmatic (or theoretical) point of departure is a 'narrative contract' between the child (audience) and the reader as in the oral tradition of yesteryear. It is therefore argued that, at least initially, children's literature for reading aloud was a continuation of the narrative tradition in the extended family adapted to the conditions and mores of the nuclear family. The nuclear family was a 19th century innovation promoted by the new middle classes, and they best carried on the narrative tradition by means of stories such as those of the brothers Grimm in Germany and Hans Christian Andersen in Denmark. Referring to an informal questionnaire among Translation Studies scholars covering eleven countries, it is concluded that the tradition of reading aloud for children is alive and well. This leads to a model for the translational situation for read-aloud literature that calls for guiding principles in the exploration of differences between 'originals' and 'translations.' Having introduced such layers, viz. the structural, the linguistic, the content and intentional ones, a paratextual and chronological layer are also called for, because of the ubiquity of modern co-prints and the need to introduce diachronic perspectives. The article discusses decision-makers in the process of translation, such as publishers and the like, and also briefly views questions of translational traditions before it discusses translations of the Grimm Tales into English and Danish, to conclude that there are two different schools of 'respectable translators,' one targeting stories for reading aloud and another for silent reading, even though the translators may not be aware of this. The final part takes up questions concerning the translation of names, rhymes, and a highly complex text which is discussed in depth. The conclusion is that translation for reading aloud is an art requiring great competence of translators. It also ought to attract more attention from Translation Studies scholars because it questions fundamentals in translation work that are also found in other types of translation.

Resumen: La traduction française de In the Night Kitchen se révèle très décevante. En confrontant cette traduction française et la traduction allemande qui lui est contemporaine, l'étude s'attache à cerner les résistances qu'offre l'album à toute traduction, le mécanisme d'aveuglement qui a présidé à la traduction française et l'écart des possibilités que donne aux traducteurs français et allemand leur langue respective. Elle s'interroge enfin sur la place qu'occupent les images dans la lecture d'un album. Lire un album, c'est lire tout à la fois des images et du texte, même si le traducteur ne rendra compte ensuite que de sa lecture à travers sa traduction du seul texte.

Resumen: Drawing on a corpus of eight translations of Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland into five languages (German, French, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Italian), the paper discusses the forms and functions of proper names in children's books and some aspects of their translation. In Alice in Wonderland, we find three basic types of proper names: names explicitly referring to the real world of author and original addressees (e.g., Alice, her cat Dinah, historical figures like William the Conqueror), names implicitly referring to the real world of author and original addressees (e.g., Elsie, Lacie and Tillie, referring to the three Liddell sisters Lorina Charlotte, Alice and Edith Mathilda), and names referring to fictitious characters. An important function of proper names in fiction is to indicate in which culture the plot is set. It will be shown that the eight translators use various strategies to deal with proper names and that these strategies entail different communicative effects for the respective audiences.

Resumen: When critics identify 'manipulations' in translations, these are often described and analysed in terms of the differing norms governing the source and the target languages, cultures and literatures. This article focuses on the agent of the translation, the translator, and her/his presence in the translated text. It presents a theoretical and analytical tool, a communicative model of translation, using the category of the implied translator, the creator of a new text for readers of the target text. This model links the theoretical fields of narratology and translation studies and helps to identify the agent of 'change' and the level of communication in which the most significant modifications take place. It is a model applicable to all translated narrated literature but, as examples illustrate, due to the asymmetrical communication in and around children's literature, the implied translator as he/she becomes visible or audible as the narrator of the translation, is particularly tangible in translated children's literature.

Resumen: The German words in the title are taken from the first German translation of the Swedish children's book Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige (Nils Holgersson's wonderful journey throughout Sweden, Lagerlöf 1906-1907). In this translation Nils is said to land in Germany, which is never the case in the Swedish original. Presumably, the German translator Klaiber added this extra visit to oblige the German readers with a visit of Nils to their own country. Looking at some of the German versions of Nils Holgersson, this article addresses the influence of extratextual factors, i.e., different kind of norms, on the translating and rewriting process.

Resumen: This article is descriptive in nature, presenting a student-faculty project in which participants translated a short children’s story from German into English in order to explore the cultural embeddedness of language and the hermeneutic nature of translation. By reflecting on issues surrounding the translation of children’s literature and by imitating the situation of a professional translator, project participants gained insight into the workings of language and the complexities associated with translation.

Resumen: "En los albores del siglo XXI estamos asistiendo a un desarrollo sin precedentes de la ingeniería lingüística, y, más concreatamente, de las nuevas tecnologías y sus aplicaciones para el comercio internaciona, el acceso global a la información y a la comunicación en sentido amplio. Esta circunstancia ha incidido muy positicamente en las políticas científicas europeas, cuyas líneas de investigación actuales se orienta, precisamente, hacia el desarrollo de recursos lingüísticos multilingües y aplicaciones de ingeniería lingüística. En este capítulo vamos a describir brevemente las características de un proyecto realizado en esa dirección, denominado 'Diseño de un tipologizador textual para la traducción automática de textos jurídicos (español/inglés/alemán/italiano/árabe)', que ha sido financiado por la Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (ref.:PB98-1399, investigador principal: G Corpas Pastor).